STI II - QUIZ 2 (UNITS 3&4) Questions And Answers.

Which of the following is not a distinct phase of scar formation? a. inflammation phase b. maturation phase c. proliferation phase d. fibroblastic phase e. granulation phase c. proliferation phase What is the correct order of the phases of scar formation? a. inflammation > maturation > fibroblastic > granulation b. inflammation > granulation > fibroblastic > maturation c. maturation > fibroblastic > granulation > inflammation d. granulation> inflammation > fibroblastic > maturation b. inflammation > granulation > fibroblastic > maturation Which scar formation phase is described by the following attributes: -begins immediately, lasts 24-48 hours -injury causes chemical and mechanical changes that alter blood -heat, redness, swelling, pain a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroplastic d. maturation a. inflammation Histamine is released by the injured tissues, resulting in _____ and becomes red, hot, and swollen? a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction a. vasodilation What is formed from cell membrane phospholipids during cell damage and causes pain? a. histamine b. macrophages c. prostaglandins d. serotonin c. prostaglandins ____ prevents infection in the wound and prepares the wound for healing. a. histamine b. macrophages c. prostaglandins d. phagocytosis d. phagocytosis ____ appear to continue the phagocytic process and begin influencing scar production by recruiting fibroblasts? a. histamine b. macrophages c. prostaglandins d. phagocytosis b. macrophages What scar formation phase is described by the following attributes: -begins when macrophages and histiocytes debride the area -capillary buds appear that look like granules under a microscope -increased connective tissue vascularity must meet metabolic demands of healing tissue before healing can proceed a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation b. granulation What scar formation phase is described by the following attributes: -rebuilding of the tissues -fibroblasts proliferate -new collagen is laid down in disorganized manner -high vascularity - pink color -wound closure occurs at this stage a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation c. fibroblastic T/F: Strength of a wound is determined by the amount of collagen that is laid down. False. Strength of a wound is determined by bonding of the collagen filaments (Cross-links) T/F: The cross link collagen that forms allows for the wound to not move, therefore the wound is not disrupted. False. Links allow for early controlled movement without wound disruption. What is the expected timeline of closure in an area of high metabolic activity (muscle, skin, etc) a. 3-5 days b. 5-8 days c. 8-11 days d. 1-3 days b. 5-8 days What is the expected timeline of closure in an area of low metabolic activity (ligament, tendon)? a. 3-5 days b. 5-8 days c. 3-5 weeks d. 5-8 weeks c. 3-5 weeks Which scar formation phase is described by the following attributes: -3 weeks-12 months -collagen changes to reach max function -reduction in wound size -realignment of collagen fibers -increase in strength of the scar a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation d. maturation Which phase of scar formation would benefit from modalities for decreasing inflammation, proper positioning, and anti-inflammatory medications? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation a. inflammation During which phase of scar formation is movement in the wound disadvantageous? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation a. inflammation During which phase of scar formation is immobilization essential for vascular growth and prevention of further microhemorrhages and tissue breakdown? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation b. granulation During which phase of scar formation may heat application cause increased bleeding? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation b. granulation In which phase of scar formation is gentle handling of the wound ESSENTIAL? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation c. fibroblastic Which phase of scar formation benefits from gentle manual therapy? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation c. fibroblastic In which phase of scar formation will soft tissue manipulation designed to break up scar tissue inflame the wound, leading to further collagen deposits? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation c. fibroblastic Which phase of scar formation benefits from low load long duration stress and manual therapy? a. inflammation b. granulation c. fibroblastic d. maturation d. maturation T/F: increase in the strength of a scar can be achieved by high load, long duration stress. False. Increase in the strength of a scar can be achieved by low load, long duration stress. T/F: Without controlled stress or manipulation, tensile strength of a scar will not improve, and optimal function will be diminished. True. Fibrotic Process or Scar Formation? -homogenous process involving an entire tissue area or the entire tissue "Fabric" -does not have clear-cut stages -cyclical process -can continue as long as the irritant is present a. fibrotic process b. scar formation a. fibrotic process Fibrotic Process or Scar Formation? -clear cut stages -linear process a. fibrotic process b. scar formation b. scar formation ______ tissue that has been immobilized ends up with decreased ground substance. This decreases the lubrication and distance maintained between collagen fibers, decreasing their ability to glide over one another. Microadhesions form between fibers and lack of movement leads to collagen laid down haphazardly, decreasing the extensibility of the tissue. a. non-traumatized b. traumatized a. non-traumatized _____ tissue with immobilization leads to scar formation and fibrosis. a. non-traumatized b. traumatized b. traumatized ____ occurs in the areas that sustained direct insult. ____ occur in tissues surrounding the scar area that were not directly traumatized, but were affected chemically by traumatic exudate. a. scar formation; fibrotic changes b. fibrotic changes; scar formation a. scar formation; fibrotic changes Which of the following is true of effects of soft tissue mobilization for muscle tissue: a. increased temperature b. increased metabolism c. decreased blood flow d. all of the above e. both a & b e. both a & b Describe the autonomic response associated with the physiological effects of soft tissue manipulation to a patient. -mechanical friction stimulates mast cells within connective tissue -it produces histamine and causes vasodilation -blood flow increases to the area treated and to other areas receiving histamine through the blood stream Which of the following is false: a. controlled motions influence the healing process b. with stress, tensile strength will decrease c. we must determine what stages of healing the scar is in to determine what intervention is appropriate b. with stress, tensile strength will decrease What method of STM encourages realignment, lengthening, and strengthening of fibers during the regeneration phase? a. petrissage b. effleurage c. stripping d. transverse friction d. transverse friction Which of the following is not a major category of receptors in the human body? a. chemoreceptors b. nociceptors c. mechanoreceptors d. audioreceptors e. thermoreceptors d. audioreceptors Where in the body are mechanoreceptors generally found? a. vascular tree b. skin c. ears d. throughout MSK system e. all of the above f. both a, b, and d f. both a, b, and d Which of the following is not a mechanoreceptor that is found in the skin? a. Meissner's corpuscle b. Pacinian corpuscle c. Ruffini's corpuscle d. Merkel's reeptors e. hair-guard, hair tylotrich f. all of the above are found in the skin f. all of the above are found in the skin Where are meissner's corpuscles located? a. hairy skin b. hairless (glabrous) skin - palm, soles, lips c. fingernails and toenails d. liver b. hairless (glabrous) skin - palm, soles, lips