Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Practice Quiz (Part 2: 20 Items)

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Practice Quiz (Part 2: 20 Items) 1. 1. Question In acid-base balance, the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in this parameter with the disorders in the given choices: Low plasma PaCO2 o A. Metabolic Acidosis o B. Respiratory Alkalosis o C. Metabolic Alkalosis o D. Respiratory Acidosis Incorrect Correct Answer: B. Respiratory Alkalosis Excessive pulmonary ventilation decreases hydrogen ion concentration and thus causes respiratory alkalosis. It can become dangerous when it leads to cardiac dysrhythmias caused partly by a decrease in serum potassium levels. 2. 2. Question In acid-base balance, the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in this parameter with the disorders in the given choices: High plasma PaCO2 o A. Metabolic Acidosis o B. Respiratory Alkalosis o C. Metabolic Alkalosis o D. Respiratory Acidosis Incorrect Correct Answer: D. Respiratory Acidosis An excess of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) can cause carbon dioxide narcosis. In this condition, carbon dioxide levels are so high that they no longer stimulate respirations but depress them. 3. 3. Question In acid-base balance, the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in this parameter with the disorders in the given choices: Decreased plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) o A. Metabolic Acidosis o B. Respiratory Alkalosis o C. Metabolic Alkalosis o D. Respiratory Acidosis Incorrect Correct Answer: A. Metabolic Acidosis The body compensates by using body fat for energy, producing abnormal amounts of ketone bodies. In an effort to neutralize the ketones and maintain the acid-base balance of the body, plasma bicarbonate is exhausted. This condition can develop in anyone who does not eat an adequate diet and whose body fat must be burned for energy. Symptoms include headache and mental dullness. 4. 4. Question In acid-base balance, the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in this parameter with the disorders in the given choices: Increased plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) o A. Metabolic Acidosis o B. Respiratory Alkalosis o C. Metabolic Alkalosis o D. Respiratory Acidosis Incorrect Correct Answer: C. Metabolic Alkalosis In metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes depressed in an effort to conserve carbon dioxide for combination with water in the blood to raise the blood level of carbonic acid. Symptoms include confusion, dizziness, numbness or tingling of fingers or toes. 5. 5. Question What two organs in the body serve as a compensatory function to maintain acid-base balance? o A. Kidneys and Lungs o B. Lungs and Spleen o C. Heart and Liver o D. Gallbladder and Appendix Incorrect Correct Answer: A. Kidneys and Lungs The carbonic acid concentration is controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide excreted by the lungs. The bicarbonate concentration is controlled by the kidneys, which selectively retain or excrete bicarbonate in response to the body’s needs. 6. 6. Question Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement will give the information needed to determine if the primary disturbance of acid-base balance is respiratory or metabolic in nature. o A. True o B. False o C. Both Carbonic Acid Excess and Deficit Only o D. Both Bicarbonate Excess and Deficit Only Incorrect Correct Answer: A. True ABG’s are blood tests that are useful in identifying the cause and extent of the acid-base disturbance and in guiding and monitoring treatment. 7. 7. Question The major effect of acidosis is overexcitement of the central nervous system. o A. True o B. False o C. Maybe o D. Both Acidosis and Alkalosis result in overexcitement of the central nervous system. Incorrect Correct Answer: B. False The major effect is a depression of the central nervous system, as evidenced by disorientation followed by coma. 8. 8. Question Alkalosis is characterized by overexcitement of the nervous system. o A. True o B. False o C. The major effect of Alkalosis is a depression of the central nervous system. o D. Both Acidosis and Alkalosis result in overexcitement of the central nervous system. Incorrect Correct Answer: A. True The muscles may go into a state of tetany and convulsions. 9. 9. Question The human body functions optimally in a state of homeostasis. o A. True o B. False o C. Maybe o D. Homeostasis has nothing to do with metabolic balance. Incorrect Correct Answer: A. True The maintenance of acid-base balance, which in one part of homeostasis, is evidenced by an arterial plasma pH value of 7.35-7.45. Many mechanisms in the body work together to achieve and maintain this delicate narrow range of pH that is essential for normal cell function. 10. 10. Question Acids have no hydrogen ions and are able to bind in a solution. o A. True o B. False o C. Acid is a substance that is not capable of donating hydrogen ions. o D. Acids and bases have nothing to do with hydrogen ions. Incorrect Correct Answer: B. False Acids are substances having one or more hydrogen ions that can be liberated into a solution. Bases are substances that can bind hydrogen ions in a solution. 11. 11. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.57, PaCO2 22, HCO3- 17 o A. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated o B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated o C. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated o D. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: D. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.57. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH above 7.45 (7.46, 7.47, 7.48, and so on…) is ALKALOSIS. • PaCO2 is 22. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is below 35, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is below 35, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • HCO3- is 17. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is below 22, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is below 22, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is ALKALOSIS and lines up with PaCO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED because all three (3) values are abnormal. It is considered partially compensated if all three (3) values are abnormal. 12. 12. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.39, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 26 • A. Respiratory Acidosis • B. Metabolic Acidosis • C. Respiratory Alkalosis • D. Metabolic Alkalosis • E. Normal Incorrect Correct Answer: E. Normal • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.39. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. So it is NORMAL. • PaCO2 is 44. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. It is also NORMAL. • HCO3- is 26. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. It is also NORMAL. • For these ABG values, pH, PACO2, and HCO3 are NORMAL. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered NORMAL. 13. 13. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.55, PaCO2 25, HCO3- 22 • A. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated • B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated • C. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • D. Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated Incorrect Correct Answer: B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.55. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH above 7.45 (7.46, 7.47, 7.48, and so on…) is ALKALOSIS. • PaCO2 is 25. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is below 35, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is below 35, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • HCO3- is 22. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. It is NORMAL. • For these ABG values, pH is ALKALOSIS and lines up with PaCO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is UNCOMPENSATED because HCO3 is normal and PaCO2 is abnormal. It is uncompensated if PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal. 14. 14. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.17, PaCO2 48, HCO3- 36 • A. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated • B. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated • C. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • D. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: D. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.17. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH below 7.35 (7.34, 7.33, 7.32, and so on…) is ACIDOSIS. • PaCO2 is 48. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is above 45, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is above 45, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • HCO3- is 36. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is above 26, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is above 26, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is ACIDOSIS and lines up with PaCO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS. • Lastly, it is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED because all three (3) values are abnormal. It is considered partially compensated if all three (3) values are abnormal. 15. 15. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.34, PaCO2 24, HCO3- 20 • A. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated • B. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated • C. Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated • D. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: B. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.34. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH below 7.35 (7.34, 7.33, 7.32, and so on…) is ACIDOSIS. • PaCO2 is 24. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is below 35, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is below 35, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • HCO3- is 20. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is below 22, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is below 22, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is ACIDOSIS and lines up with HCO3 which is METABOLIC. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered METABOLIC ACIDOSIS. • Lastly, it is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED because all three (3) values are abnormal. It is considered partially compensated if all three (3) values are abnormal. 16. 16. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.64, PaCO2 25, HCO3- 19 • A. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated • B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • C. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated • D. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.64. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH above 7.45 (7.46, 7.47, 7.48, and so on…) is ALKALOSIS. • PaCO2 is 25. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is below 35, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is below 35, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • HCO3- is 19. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is below 22, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is below 22, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is ALKALOSIS and lines up with PaCO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED because all three (3) values are abnormal. It is considered partially compensated if all three (3) values are abnormal. 17. 17. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.45, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 30 • A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Fully Compensated • B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated • C. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • D. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Fully Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.45. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. So it is NORMAL. • PaCO2 is 50. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is above 45, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is above 45, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • HCO3- is 30. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is above 26, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is above 26, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is NORMAL but slightly alkalosis and lines up with HCO3 which is METABOLIC. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered METABOLIC ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is FULLY COMPENSATED because pH is normal. It is considered fully compensated if pH is normal. 18. 18. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.6, PaCO2 53, HCO3- 38 • A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • B. Metabolic Alkalosis, Fully Compensated • C. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated • D. Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.6. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH above 7.45 (7.46, 7.47, 7.48, and so on…) is ALKALOSIS. • PaCO2 is 53. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is above 45, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is above 45, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • HCO3- is 38. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is above 26, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is above 26, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is ALKALOSIS and lines up with HCO3 which is METABOLIC. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered METABOLIC ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED because all three (3) values are abnormal. It is considered partially compensated if all three (3) values are abnormal. 19. 19. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.5, PaCO2 19, HCO3- 22 • A. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • B. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated • C. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated • D. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated Incorrect Correct Answer: D. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.5. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any blood pH above 7.45 (7.46, 7.47, 7.48, and so on…) is ALKALOSIS. • PaCO2 is 19. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is below 35, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is below 35, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • HCO3- is 22. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. It is NORMAL. • For these ABG values, pH is ALKALOSIS and lines up with PaCO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS. • Lastly, it is UNCOMPENSATED because HCO3 is normal and PaCO2 is abnormal. It is uncompensated if PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal. 20. 20. Question Match the acid-base status of the following blood samples to the disorders in the given choices. (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.39, PaCO2 59, HCO3- 35 • A. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated • B. Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated • C. Respiratory Acidosis, Fully Compensated • D. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Incorrect Correct Answer: C. Respiratory Acidosis, Fully Compensated • Based on the given ABG values, pH is 7.39. For pH, the normal range is 7.35 to 7.45. So it is NORMAL. • PaCO2 is 59. The normal range for PaCO2 is from 35 to 45. If PaCO2 is above 45, it is acidosis. Based on the given ABG values, PaCO2 is above 45, so it is considered ACIDOSIS. • HCO3- is 35. The normal range for HCO3 is from 22 to 26. If HCO3 is above 26, it is alkalosis. Based on the given ABG values, HCO3 is above 26, so it is considered ALKALOSIS. • For these ABG values, pH is NORMAL but slightly acidic and lines up with PACO2 which is RESPIRATORY. Therefore, this group of ABG values is considered RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS. • Lastly, it is FULLY COMPENSATED because pH is normal. It is considered fully compensated if pH is normal.