A&P 1 101/BIOD 151 Module 6 Problem Set Questions and Answers

A&P 1 101/BIOD 151 Module 6 Problem Set Questions and Answers A&P 1 101/BIOD 151 Module 6 Problem Set Questions and Answers A&P 1 101/BIOD 151 Module 6 Problem Set Questions and Answers A&P 1 101/BIOD 151 Module 6 Problem Set Questions and Answers Question 1 0 / 0 pts Introduction to the Endocrine System 1. Does the nervous system or the endocrine system react faster to external/ internal stimuli? 2. What are the two major groups of hormones and what are their derivatives? 3. Hormones can react with cells that have what on their cell surface? 4. Do peptide or steroid hormones react faster? 5. True or false: Endocrine glands contain ducts and secrete their contents directly into an epithelial lining. Your Answer: 1- The nervous system can respond quickly to stimuli, through the use of action potentials and neurotransmitters. 2-  proteins, peptides, and modified amino acids.  steroids. (Lipids) 3- Receptor 4- Peptide 5- False Introduction to the Endocrine System 1. The nervous system 2. 1- Peptide (derived from proteins and catecholamines) 2- Steroids (derived from cholesterol) 3. Receptor 4. Peptide 5. False Question 2 0 / 0 pts Endocrine Organs 6. True or false: the hypothalamus and pituitary glands are in the abdomen.7. The adrenal glands are found on top of the ______. 8. Be able to label the primary endocrine organs. 9. Name three secondary endocrine organs. Your Answer: 6- False 7- Kidneys. 8- Ok. 9- Heart, thymus, kidneys, gonads. Endocrine Organs 6. False 7. Kidneys 8. See figures in module 9. Heart, thymus, kidneys, gonads Question 3 0 / 0 pts The Negative and Positive Feedback Systems 10. Describe homeostasis in the body. 11. During negative feedback a hormone level is high. What happens to hormone production? 12. The action of oxytocin works through positive or negative feedback? Your Answer: 10 - Homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. 11- The brain released the hormone level is high and thus hormone production is shut off. 12- Positive feedback.The Negative and Positive Feedback Systems 10. (set-point) is a range in which the body acts to maintain all its levels for function. 11. The brain detects the hormone level is too high and hormone production is shut off. 12. Positive feedback. Question 4 0 / 0 pts The Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands 13. Why are the neurons in the hypothalamus called neurosecretory cells? 14. Axons travel from the hypothalamus terminate in what region of the brain? 15. The posterior pituitary gland stores what two main hormones? 16. What does ADH do in the body? 17. What hormone stimulates the release of milk from the mammary glands? Your Answer: 13- They are respond to neurotransmitters and produce hormones. 14- Posterior pituitary. 15- ADH and Oxytocin. 16- It helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels and it is conserve the fluid volume of body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine. 17- Oxytocin. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands 13. They are cells that respond to neurotransmitters and produce hormones. 14. Posterior pituitary 15. ADH and Oxytocin 16. ADH promotes the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts, which receive urine produced by nephrons within the kidneys. As the blood becomes dilute, the hormone no longer is released until it is needed again. 17. OxytocinQuestion 5 0 / 0 pts The Anterior Pituitary 18. What major hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? 19. Fill in the chart, below with the purpose and target of each of the anterior pituitary hormones: *Note: All hormones in this module will need to be memorized for the exam. This is not an exhaustive list. Making a chart of all the hormones in the module to organize the information is a recommended way to study for the exam. Hormone Target Action GH TSH Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) Your Answer: 18- GH, Prolactin, MSH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH. 19- Hormon e Target Action GH Liver, adipose tissue determines the height and bone structure of a person. TSH Thyroid gland Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones FSH, LH Ovary and testis Control of reproductive function 18. GH, Prolactin, MSH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH 19. *Note: All hormones in this module will need to be memorized for the exam (hormone, target, action). This is not an exhaustive list. Making a chart of all the hormones in the module to organize the information is a recommended way to study for the exam. Hormone Target Action GH All body cells Growth of body (height) Promotion of cell division Protein synthesis Bone growth- stimulation of osteoblasts TSH Thyroid gland Thyroid gland (to produceT3, T4) Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) Gonads (Testes, ovaries) Control hormonal secretions of testes, ovaries Question 6 0 / 0 pts The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 20. What is a goiter? 21. True or false: Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in individuals with low thyroid levels in adulthood only. 22. What hormones does the thyroid gland produce? 23. True or False: calcitonin increases the amount of calcium in the blood. 24. What hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels? 25. Explain the targets and opposing actions of calcitonin and PTH, using the chart below Hormone Target Action Calcitonin PTH Your Answer: 20- A goiter (GOI-tur) is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. 21-False 22- T3, T4, Calcitonin 23- False20. When iodine is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, called a goiter. Goiters happen because of the relationship between the thyroid and the anterior pituitary. When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary continues to produce TSH. The thyroid responds by increasing in size (and producing a goiter). However, this size increase is ineffective because active thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine. 21. False 22. T3, T4, Calcitonin 23. False (Calcitonin lowers the level of calcium in the blood, depositing calcium into the bone) 24. PTH 25. *Note: All hormones in this module will need to be memorized for the exam. This is not an exhaustive list. Hormone Target Action Calcitonin Bone Cells DECREASE Blood Ca2+ Increase storage of Ca2+ in bone PTH Bone Cells INCREASE Ca2+ in plasma Decrease Ca2+ in bone Vitamin D activation Question 7 0 / 0 pts The Adrenal Glands 26. The adrenal medulla secretes what two hormones in conditions of stress? 27. What are the two major classes of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? 28. Fill in the action of cortisol by using the chart below: Hormone Target Action Cortisol Your Answer: 26-Epinephrine and norepinephrine 27- adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. 28 Hormon = CortisolTarget = Most cells in the body Action = It has two primary actions: it stimulates gluconeogenesis—the breakdown of protein and fat to provide metabolites that can be converted to glucose in the liver—and it activates antistress and anti-inflammatory pathways. The Adrenal Glands 26. Epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the bloodstream under conditions of stress. 27. The two major classes of hormones made by the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. 28. *Note: All hormones in this module will need to be memorized for the exam. This is not an exhaustive list. Hormone Target Action Cortisol (glucocorticoid) (controlled by ACTH) Most cells Metabolism/stress management Hydrolysis of muscle protein-> amino acids to enter blood *Raises blood glucose level Reduces inflammation - Counteracts inflammatory response 0 Question 8 0 / 0 pts The Pineal gland 29. Melatonin is secreted by what gland? 30. The pineal gland receives nerve impulses from the ______________. Your Answer: 29- The pineal gland 30-The optic tract of the eyes The Pineal Gland 29. The pineal gland 30. The optic tract of the eyes.0 Question 9 0 / 0 pts The Pancreas 31. Endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called______. 32. A person has high levels of blood glucose. Would the alpha or beta cells be stimulated to release what hormone? 33. Summarize the function of insulin. Your Answer: 31- pancreatic islets (of Langerhans 32- Beta cells releases insulin. 33-Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Also insulin promotes the storage of nutrients, so they are on hand in times of low blood glucose. The Pancreas 31. Endocrine tissue, called the pancreatic islets (of Langerhans). 32. Beta cells would release insulin. 33. Generally, insulin promotes the storage of nutrients, so they are on hand in times of low blood glucose. Question 10 0 / 0 pts The Kidneys 34. The kidneys produce a hormone called _____. 35. Describe the action of the hormone produced by the kidneys. Your Answer: 34- erythropoietin 35- Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein containing 165 amino acids. Its receptors are present on the membranes of red blood cell precursors. Binding of the hormone reduces apoptosis of these cells – multiple cells survive and can therefore complete their development into mature erythrocytes.The Kidneys 34. Erythropoietin 35. Erythropoietin acts on the bone marrow to cause an increased release of red blood cells into the bloodstream Question 11 0 / 0 pts The Gonads and Thymus 36. Name at least three functions of testosterone. 37. Which hormone is responsible for the development of the follicle in the ovary before ovulation? 38. What two hormones are necessary for breast development in females? 39. LH causes the release of what other hormone in females? 40. True or False: The thymus is most active during childhood. Your Answer: 36- Testosterone is a sex hormone that plays important roles in the body. In men, it's thought to regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm. 37-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 38- Estrogen and progesterone 39- progesterone 40- True The Gonads 36. It is essential for the normal development and functioning of the sex organs in males. It is also necessary for the maturation of sperm. Greatly increased testosterone secretion at the time of puberty stimulates the growth of the penis and the testes. Testosterone also brings about and maintains the secondary sex characteristics in males that develop at the time of puberty. Testosterone causes growth of a beard, body hair, and pubic hair. It prompts the larynx and the vocal cords to enlarge, causing the voice to change. It is responsible for the muscular strength of males. Testosterone causes oil and sweat glands in the skin to secrete; therefore, it is largely responsible for acne and body odor. Testosterone is largely responsible for sex drive. 37. FSH 38. Estrogen and progesterone39. Progesterone 40. True Quiz Score: 0 out of 0