ATI TEAS READING Key Ideas and Details

Summarizing a Complex Text (R.1.1) The passage contains the TOPIC (or subject) and the CONTROLLING IDEA (or supporting details) ● The topic is a noun or noun phrase that encapsulates the subject matter of the writing ○ Examples of topics include: arteries, acid, alleles, mammals, and recycling ● The author will include supporting details that show and support the point the author is trying to make Key Terms Controlling Idea - The main idea of the text Key Ideas - Ideas that support the controlling idea Rephrase/Paraphrase - Explain an idea IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Infer the Logical Conclusion (R.1.2) Making an INFERENCE involves using what you know to make a guess about what you don't know, or reading between the lines. ● Identifying key terms is critical ○ Key terms include those that provide sequence or chronology, descriptive words and phrases, and words that convey value judgments and opinions ○ Key terms can provide both explicit information and implicit information that allows readers to make inferences. ● Many readers assume that making an inference and drawing a conclusion are the same ○ An inference suggests an idea by details and evidence ○ A conclusion asks the reader to analyze and make a decision based on predictions, details, evidence, and results. Key Terms Conclusion - A deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a passage. Explicit - The information is DIRECTLY STATED within the passage. Inferences - A conclusion reached by critical thinking. Implications = Things NOT DIRECTLY STATED, but readers can ASSUME based on what the author does say. Logic - The framework of reasoning used to understand ideas Identify the topic, main idea, and supporting details (R.1.3) The reader must identify the topic and author’s main idea, and then identify the author’s key points that support the topic (supporting details). ● Explain how supporting details clarify or relate to the main idea Be aware of the placement of the topic sentence ● The topic sentence should appear near the beginning and include the main idea ○ A topic sentence must not be too specific or too general ● The topic answers the question, “Who or what is this passage about?” Supporting details develop - through explanation, elaboration, or clarification - the idea portrayed in the topic sentence. ● The supporting ideas should answer the questions, “who, what, where, when, why, and how?” Key Terms Topic - Subject of a text Main Idea = Main idea is most important point being made. Often needs a full sentence. Supporting Details = Provide EVIDENCES/EXAMPLES for the main idea. Follow a given set of directions (R.1.4) The reader must demonstrate the ability to follow directions by identifying important terms and recognizing the relationships among the tasks. Procedural signal words - Terms that signify order, relationship among steps. Follow a set of directions, like in a RECIPE to make a cake. first second next last then finally while before Directions are very specific, using language that tells how to accomplish the steps From left to right Carefully and with After it has set Choose all that apply While the … complete steps From top to bottom Identify specific Information from printed Communication (R.1.5) Printed communication, such as memos, announcements, and advertisements fulfill this definition. ● It is beneficial to understand how to identify relevant information and recognize the text structures of printed communication Memo (Memorandum) - A common form of WRITTEN or PRINTED COMMUNICATION. It has heading at the top indicating RECIPIENTS, AUTHOR, DATE, AND RECIPIENT, and SUBJECT. Below this information will be the body of the memo; which includes and INTRODUCTION informing the readers of the specific context of the memo. Following with BODY PARAGRAPHS, informing the reader of important information. The CONCLUDING SECTION includes take-away information, and includes where to address any questions for concerns. *usually business oriented* Printed Public Announcements - A common form of PRINTED COMMUNICATION. Public (printed) announcements inform the public about organizations, upcoming events, and services ● The message must be short, the design simple and eye-pleasing, and the important information easily accessible. ● The content should include: ○ a link to information access ○ Information about the supporting organizations ○ Supporting details ■ The supporting details should be in images and short phrases, if possible. Classified Advertisement (ads) - Short, detailed text offering items and services ● A headline that engages the reader in seconds (can be a rhetorical question, bold statement or exclamation) ● An item or service offered to the audience (mentions the benefits of the item or service) ● A call to action (includes how to get the item or service) Key Terms Blog - A website that is usually informal and independently run Classified - A print advertisement selling or soliciting something Forum - An online message board Memorandum - A written informal note usually used for business purposes Identify information from a graphic representation of information (R.1.6) These pictorial images allow readers to comprehend important verbal and written idea in accessible and brief form. ● Graphics can also assist readers in selecting important information that might otherwise be missing by portraying key parts that make up a whole. ● Graphic representations include: bar, pie, and flow charts, graphs, maps,and illustrations Features of graphic representations Graphic representations can illustrate diverse topics and designs, but common features include: titles, subheads, keys/legends, and scales. ● The title articulates the purpose of the graphic ● The legend clarifies what each symbol, color, or shape represents ● The scale represents the distance between two points Key Terms Graphic - A diagram, graph, illustration, or other piece of artwork Legend/Key/Map - Map feature that explains symbols, colors, shapes, and other elements. Scale - Ratio of distance expressed to actual measurement Recognize events in a sequence (R.1.7) Sequence refers to order and pattern There is a subtle difference between sequential and chronological order ● Sequential refers to a fixed order in which there is a logical pattern ● Chronological refers to events in an order in which they happen and require a time element ○ Chronological signal words describe when one event occurs and ends, and when another even begins Sequential order is signaled by words such as: first second next last then finally while before now when after subsequently Chronological order is signaled by words such as: When How often Length of time today always all year yesterday rarely all season later often all day now never since last year seldom one day Key Terms Chronological - In order by time Sequential - Following a set order Craft and Structure (R.2) Distinguish between fact and opinion, biases, and stereotypes (R.2.1) Becoming aware of the tone, word choice, biases or stereotypes, and use of fact or opinion allows a reader to critically evaluate an author’s point of view. POINT OF VIEW - The way an author considers the subject of the writing. FACTS AND OPINIONS - It is essential to understand that a fact can be proven true or false ● The reader must decide whether the facts are reliable ● Opinions can have a basis in facts but depend upon an author’s belief portrayed in the text ○ Opinions can be used to mislead or persuade a reader Fact Opinion At least 23% of all automobile collisions involve cell phones Texting while driving is done by ignorant people STEREOTYPES and BIASES - A reader must understand that a stereotype is a biased belief about a person or group and does not recognize individual differences or social distinction, whereas a bias is a preferential viewpoint that often does not allow for objective discussion. Key Terms Assumption - An uncertain belief of an unstated idea Bias - Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair/inaccurate and author ignores reasonable counterargument. Fact - A statement that can be proven Opinion - Thought, believe, idea, judgment that cannot be proved. Point of view - The author’s position from which something is observed or considered; a standpoint Stereotype - A fixed image or idea categorizing a certain group of people into one misconception Tone - The author’s voice and attitude toward the topic Recognizing the structure of texts in various form (R.2.2) Modes are defined as classifications of rhetorical writing, such as persuasive, expository, and narrative. PERSUASIVE/ARGUMENTATIVE This mode allows the author to convince the reader to believe something about the written topic. ● The author usually attempts the reader to feel, think, or behave a certain way ● Persuasive language must be able to portray strong opinions Strong opinion signal words and phrases In the first place Without a doubt undoubtedly unquestionably It is my belief that All that to the side From my point of view I question whether PROBLEM/SOLUTION This structure includes the following: introduction of the problem being addressed, a description of the problem, a plausible solution to the problem, and a closing that challenges the reader to take action. Signal words for problem/solution essays: the problem so that for this reason if … then... because this led to a solution one reason for