ENVS 1000: EXAM REVIEW DECEMBER 2022/2023

ENVS 1000: EXAM REVIEW DECEMBER 2022/2023 RISE IN ENVIRONMENTALISM Reading: “Rise in Environmentalism” Peter Timmerman o Early organized environmentalism began in 19th century Britain. The two early environmentalists were John Ruskin and William Morris. They were responsible for the first environmental laws that governed sewage infrastructure, treatment plants and labour laws. o Early environmental movements covered the preservation of ancient monuments and the conservation of natural parks and landscapes. Though the preservation consisted of safe guarding land full of natural resources for future benefit and using parks strictly for the enjoyment of the wealthy, two environmentalists Henry David Thoreau and John Muir encouraged the enjoyment of parks for their natural and spiritual aspects. o Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe in the 18th century. It was known as the age of enlightenment and was in revolt to aristocratic social and political norms that gave rise to the industrial revolution. Romantics gained their motivation from nature and thus, with the industrial revolution destroying that which formed a relief for them, they took a stand towards spreading awareness of the harms being done. Environmental roots in Romanticism 1. The suspicion that the rise of industries and technologies are negatively affecting our physical Earth along with replacing spiritualism and socialism with practicality. 2. The suspicion that the natural world, which can be used as a form of relief from reality, is slowing becoming extinct. 3. The look at the detailed wonders and views of the biological world as a self organizing entity. This “natural feel” forms the underlying ethic of environmentalism today. Modern environmentalism arose from Romanticism and scientific understanding of the natural world. Modern features in environmentalism created from a result by “shocks” called “ontological wounds” Wounds The Atomic Bomb (What are the three plus sides to this disaster?), 1. Toxic chemicals can not only cause problems now but also for future health of people, places and animals. ( self awareness of destruction) 2. Able to discover radiation patterns from the particulate matter within the air and map out the movement of the toxic radiation throughout the atmosphere. 3. This launch of satelitles gave us a larger vison of the world, showing us that we are connected. One environmental disaster for one country, affects other countries and their environments around the world= the connectivity of our planet, how everything works in full motion DDT and Silent Spring (Why was this significant?), Silent spring was the catalyst for the awareness of how bad ddt is. The starting of the anti ddt movement. The rise of ddt awareness came the rise of being more environmentally conscious. Everything we release into the air, soil and water will have an affect on these biomes, in which it has us thinking in a new point of view of how these things will affect us in the future. Acid Rain (Why was this significant? Think international scale), ENVS1000 FINAL EXAM REVIEW York University Acid raid was a chemical example of how a source of pollution in one area could be transported over long distances and national borders and seriously affect pristine water ways and forests Ozone Hole (Montreal Protocol), To Vienna concvention on the protection of the ozone layer is the most successful of the international environmental treaty agreements to day Endangered Species, Climate Change, & “The Redesign of Life” (Underlies the subject of scientists becoming involved with life, through genetics and biological mechanics in turn influencing biology and future generation of the human species). THE CRISIS OF MODERNITY Reading: “Environmental History VI: The Crisis of Modernity” Peter Timmerman 1. Why does Professor Timmerman describe the modern world as “an explosion of humankind on an unparalleled scale”? The rise of the industrial revolution, possibility of decreased rates of natural death due to greater food security, the beginning of public health, the prospects of better understanding of disease. Technological innovation pushes human uses of natural resources and energy t unparallell levels. Example: oil companies make the transportation of the world easier. 2. In what ways is the modern world a risk society? What is the gamble? The basic problem? Because humans are in the mass gamble of the future of the earth thought of by earl rich beck. The gamble is can economic growth and development, which are increasingly eating up the planet, generate the resources which will enable us to protect the planet from our impacts. The basic problem is we know very little about the earth’s natural system and the ultimate resilience or capacity to withstand our assaults. 3. Describe in detail the forces that Timmerman cites as the most important. What are important elements of each? The three forces apart from the industry themselves were: the emerging from the mas populations, the emerging middle class of entrepreneurs and speculators on the new society, government. Government: were not very well organized, unable to cope with demands of hugely increasing populations, people started to become knowledgeable of human rights and demand for them, I which governments started to fall. The thought process of human rights changed the way governments were ran through revolutions. New governments were created in light of bureaucracies which is the greater good for the greatest amount of people. emerging middle class: bourgeoisie arrival. Urban class of people with no fix roots earned their livelihood through salaries. Gradually emerged through modern world, their needs are essentially the focus of what main societies pay attention to. Their inquiries powered the modernity of society. New leaders were members of the middle class; businessmen, educators, lawyers. Emerging mass populations: Industrial Revolution that uprooted people from villages and towns, also concentrated them in factories where they could meet and organize. Many people worked in various trades. Many of these trades grew into unions. As of the 2st century, fewer people work In factories 4. What is the veil of progress and civilization