How Languages Work An Introduction to Language and Linguistics Editor CAROL GENETTI University of California, Santa Barbara

How Languages Work An Introduction to Language and Linguistics Editor CAROL GENETTI University of California, Santa Barbara CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS 1 Introduction: language, languages, and linguistics CAROL GENETTI 3 2 Phonetics: physical dimensions of speech sounds MATTHEW GORDON 25 3 Phonology: organization of speech sounds MATTHEW GORDON 49 4 Morphology: what’s in a word? MARIANNE MITHUN 71 5 Word classes: evidence from grammatical behavior CAROL GENETTI 100 6 Syntax: words in combination CAROL GENETTI 118 7 Semantics: how language makes sense MICHAEL ISRAEL 150 8 Pragmatics: inference for language MIRA ARIEL 180 9 Discourse: language beyond the sentence WALLACE CHAFE 200 10 Prosody: the music of language WALLACE CHAFE 220 11 Language in the social world MARY BUCHOLTZ 240 12 Language change: the dynamicity of linguistic systems MARIANNE MITHUN 264 13 Language contact and areal linguistics ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD 295 14 First language acquisition PATRICIA M. CLANCY 318 15 Second language acquisition DOROTHY CHUN AND JAN FRODESEN 351 PART II LANGUAGE PROFILES 373 1 Kabardian MATTHEW GORDON AND AYLA APPLEBAUM 375 2 Goemai BIRGIT HELLWIG 391 3 Manange KRISTINE HILDEBRANDT 404 4 Finnish RITVA LAURY 424 5 Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) TOSHIHIDE NAKAYAMA 441 6 South Conchucos Quechua DANIEL J. HINTZ 463 7 Tsez BERNARD COMRIE 482 8 Bardi CLAIRE BOWERN 498 9 Lowland Chontal LORETTA O’CONNOR 513 10 Manambu ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD AND CAROL GENETTI 530 vi Contents 11 Indonesian ROBERT ENGLEBRETSON 551 12 Seneca WALLACE CHAFE 567 13 Akkadian GUY DEUTSCHER