PARAMEDIC CARE- PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, V1-V5, 5E BLEDSOE SM TestBank

PARAMEDIC CARE- PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, V1-V5, 5E BLEDSOE SM TestBank PARAMEDIC CARE- PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, V1-V5, 5E BLEDSOE SM1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Paramedic Care: Principles & Practice V. 1-5, 5e (Bledsoe) Volume 1 Introduction to Advanced Prehospital Care Chapter 1 Introduction to Paramedicine 1) What is one of the emerging roles and responsibilities of a paramedic in the 21st century? A) Third-party biller B) Managed health care C) Health promotion D) Internet education Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 2) Safety inspections, accident prevention, and medical screening of employees are some of the responsibilities for paramedics working in: A) industrial medicine. B) community clinics. C) correctional institutions. D) sports medicine. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 3) Which of the following best describes the initial education program of the paramedic? A) It addresses everything one needs to know to practice paramedicine. B) It is a rite of passage, but information is inconsistent with how things really should be done. C) It is the base and beginning of one's professional education, not the end. D) Lectures prepare students, but all learning occurs on the job during the internship phase. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 4) Which of the following best describes the paramedic's professional obligation? A) Acceptance and adherence to a code of professional ethics and etiquette B) Placing the system's well-being above that of the patient C) Absolute adherence to medical protocols D) Following long-standing traditions in practice Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 32 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) A major advance in the education of out-of-hospital was the: A) formation of the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. B) 2009 publication National EMS Services Education Standards. C) passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). D) establishment of the National Registry computer-based certification exam. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 6) Which of the following statements about a paramedic's skill competency is TRUE? A) High-frequency, low-criticality skills should be reviewed often. B) Low-frequency, high-criticality skills should be rarely reviewed. C) All skills should be reviewed equally, regardless of criticality. D) Frequent review of infrequently used skills is critical to ensure competency. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 7) The paramedic's right to care for patients, administer medications, and perform other related tasks falls on the license of: A) the EMS system medical director. B) the state secretary of health. C) the receiving hospital personnel. D) the state medical director. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 8) Many professional sports teams have found paramedics to be effective complements to their: A) team physicians. B) physical therapists. C) athletic trainers. D) rehabilitation programs. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 53 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Paramedics should always provide care: A) with the intent of transporting all patients. B) only when there is a legitimate patient complaint. C) without regard to a patient's ability to pay. D) with the goal of minimizing on-scene time. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 10) The paramedic's role has expanded to include ________ because of the need to move ill/injured patients from one health care facility to another for specialized care. A) hospital emergency departments B) critical care transport C) corrections medicine D) helicopter EMS Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 11) Which of the following best characterizes the professional development of a paramedic? A) It is a career-long pursuit. B) It is focused on public education efforts. C) It is regulated by the system medical director and state agency. D) It is focused on illness and injury prevention. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 12) Which of the following best describes the paramedic's expected level of functioning in the dynamic prehospital setting? A) Acts independently B) Under direct supervision of the medical director C) Under telephone or radio supervision by nursing personnel D) Under direct supervision of fire command Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 34 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Which of the following aspects of the paramedic's work most appropriately falls into the category of public health? A) Administering care to a patient who has suffered a heart attack B) Providing life-saving measures after a traffic accident C) Educating the public on illness prevention D) Taking steps to prevent a terrorist attack Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 14) To legally function as a paramedic, one must: A) have successfully completed an accredited EMT education program. B) have fulfilled the specific requirements of an appropriate credentialing body. C) strive to maintain quality health care, regardless of cost or impact on one's EMS system. D) be able to function independently in a nonstructured, constantly changing environment. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 15) Many traditional EMS treatments and practices have been abandoned or refined because of: A) research. B) patient complaints. C) legislation. D) lawsuits. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 16) The highest level of prehospital care provider in the United States is a(n): A) emergency medical responder. B) paramedic. C) advanced EMT. D) emergency medical technician. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 25 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) To practice, paramedics must be approved by a state or provincial agency and the: A) National Association of EMTs. B) National Registry of EMTs. C) EMS system's medical director. D) state medical director. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 18) Which of the following is a desirable paramedic characteristic? A) The ability to give medical advice B) A commanding presence on the scene C) The ability to establish rapport with a wide variety of patients D) The ability to exactly follow protocols on each and every call Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 19) Which of the following agencies developed and published the 2009 EMS Instructional Guidelines? A) The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians B) The National Association of State EMS Training Coordinators C) The National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians D) The United States Department of Transportation Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 20) Where do many of the practices and techniques of tactical EMS come from? A) Police B) Firefighters C) Military D) Critical care medics Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 56 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) Which of these terms is a synonym of "mobile integrated health care?" A) industrial medicine B) illness prevention C) corrections medicine D) community paramedicine Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 Chapter 2 EMS Systems 1) Which of the following certification levels is currently NOT recognized by the National EMS Scope of Practice model? A) Paramedic B) Emergency Medical Responder C) Emergency Medical Technician D) Critical Care Paramedic Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 2) The rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession are called: A) licensure. B) norms. C) protocols. D) ethics. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 35 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 3) A physician not affiliated with the responding EMS system who takes part in patient care with system paramedics at an emergency scene is called a(n): A) surrogate medical director. B) volunteer physician. C) intervener physician. D) interloper physician. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 17 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) The National EMS Education Instructional Guidelines are divided into three domains of learning. The affective domain refers to which of the following? A) Critical thinking and decision making B) Recall of basic facts and information C) Physical skills used for patient care D) Attitudes, values, and emotions Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 9 5) Which of the following National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) elements of EMS systems deals with issues of equal access to acceptable emergency care for all patients? A) Human resources and training B) Public information and education C) Resources management D) Trauma systems Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 19 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 6) Which of the following is NOT typically a role of the medical director in an EMS system? A) Participating in quality improvement B) Educating and training personnel C) Dispatching EMS personnel D) Participating in personnel and equipment selection Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 10 7) The person who is legally responsible for all clinical and patient care aspects of an EMS system is the: A) quality improvement coordinator. B) medical director. C) system administrator. D) battalion chief. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 58 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) Medical policies, procedures, and practices that a system medical director has established in advance of a call are called: A) automated medical direction. B) off-line medical oversight. C) remote medical direction. D) on-line medical direction. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 9) In 1980, the revision "KKK-A-1822A" involved: A) primarily addressing electrical systems, signage, and safety. B) guidelines to improve occupant protection in the patient compartment. C) changes based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health standards. D) improving ambulance electrical systems by designing a low-amp lighting system to replace antiquated light bars and beacons. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 32 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 12 10) What is the process by which an agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has the proper qualifications? A) Registration B) Qualification C) Certification D) Authorization Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 11) Paramedics carry out their tasks in the prehospital setting as designated agents of the: A) EMS system director. B) EMS system medical director. C) EMS program director. D) hospital nursing director. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 109 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) The process by which a governmental agency grants permission to engage in a given occupation to an applicant who has attained the degree of competency required to ensure the public's protection is called: A) reciprocity. B) licensure. C) registration. D) certification. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 13) Which of the following elements of an EMS system is NOT needed to ensure the best possible patient care? A) Resources management B) Medical direction C) Ambulance billing D) Public information Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 19-20 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 14) Which of the following best describes the practice of evidence-based medicine? A) Basing all treatments on the patient's signs and symptoms B) Combining clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence C) Using clinical judgment to know when you should deviate from protocols D) Using published reports of research to change practice Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 37 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 17 15) Which of the following situations is NOT typically addressed by EMS system protocols? A) Triage B) EMS system financing C) Transfer to appropriate facilities D) Mode of patient transportation Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1010 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) Few areas of the United States provided adequate prehospital care until: A) after World War II. B) after the Gulf War. C) the late 1960s. D) the mid-1950s. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18-19 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 17) The process by which an agency in one state grants automatic certification or licensing to a paramedic who is certified or licensed by an agency in another state is called: A) professional courtesy. B) immunity. C) recertification. D) reciprocity. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 18) Direct access to medical consultation is a feature of: A) a tiered response system. B) off-line medical oversight. C) the incident command system. D) on-line medical direction. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 19) In which of the following ways can paramedics play a significant part in EMS research? A) Collecting data accurately and completely B) Changing patient care practices based on unique research outcomes C) Volunteering their patients for drug trials D) Experimenting with different ways of managing patients Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 37 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1611 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 20) Components of a paramedic's education include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) refresher courses. B) continuing education. C) initial education. D) disciplinary action. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28-29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 9 21) Guidelines developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for quality improvement in EMS systems include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) regulation and policy. B) financial auditing. C) communications. D) human resources training. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 19-20 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 14 22) Key events in the historical development of EMS include all of the following, EXCEPT the: A) 1973 EMS Systems Act. B) 1988 Statewide EMS Technical Assistance Program. C) 1975 Cater-Benson Reform Act. D) 1981 COBRA Act. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 23) Which of the following is the publication that first focused attention on the deficiencies in prehospital emergency care? A) KKK-A-1822 B) Injury in America: A Continuing Public Health Problem C) Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society D) A Leadership Guide to Quality Improvement for Emergency Medical Services Systems Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 412 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) Which of the following pieces of legislation had a significant NEGATIVE impact on EMS funding? A) The Emergency Medical Services Systems Act B) The National Highway Safety Act C) The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) D) The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 19 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 25) No EMS system should be without which of the following items? A) An independent communication system B) One reserve ambulance for every active ambulance in the fleet C) A large network of volunteers D) A disaster plan Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 33 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 10 26) As a rule, which of the following services should be present in trauma systems within an EMS system? A) Trauma center B) Burn center C) Pediatrics D) Orthopedics Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 10 27) When you complete your paramedic course and pass the National Registry examination, you will: A) be certified to practice as a paramedic in your state. B) be certified to practice as a paramedic in any state. C) be licensed to practice as a paramedic in your state. D) still need to complete your state's certification or licensure process. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 913 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) The future enhancement of EMS is strongly dependent on: A) the ability to outline the logistics affecting research. B) obtaining approval for patient consent procedures. C) availability of quality research. D) the collection of raw data. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 37 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 16 29) Paramedics can improve their knowledge and skills through an evaluation by others of equal rank and skills, known as: A) tenure tracking. B) debriefing. C) peer review. D) performance appraisal. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 35 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 30) Which of the following best describes the purpose of the KKK specifications? A) To standardize EMS dispatching terminology B) To specify quality improvement procedures C) To state the physical standards required of paramedics D) To standardize the design of ambulances Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 32 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 12 31) Entering a person's name and relevant information in a particular record maintained by an organization is best described as: A) registration. B) reciprocity. C) certification. D) licensure. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 114 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 32) As defined by the National Highway Transportation Safety Agency (NHTSA), which of the following is NOT a component of an EMS system? A) System of quality improvement B) Public information and education C) Human resources and training D) A public advisory council Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 33-34 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 33) Which of the following best describes a comprehensive network of personnel, equipment, and resources established to deliver aid and emergency medical care to the community? A) Trauma system B) EMS system C) Medical direction D) ALS system Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 34) Although termed certification by many states, the governmental agency's permission to engage in a profession actually constitutes: A) registration. B) licensure. C) authorization. D) reciprocity. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 35) The established policies and procedures of an EMS system that provide a standardized approach to common patient problems and a consistent level of medical care are known as: A) codes of action and response. B) clinical protocols. C) standard operating procedures. D) standing orders. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 115 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 36) One area of EMS that will rely especially heavily on research is: A) communications. B) transportation. C) human resources. D) funding. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 37 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 16 37) Which of the following choices best explains the difference between an EMT-Intermediate and an EMT-Paramedic? A) Licensure versus certification B) Scope of knowledge C) The legal requirement for medical direction D) Scope of practice Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 9 38) Reasons to be involved with a professional membership organization include all of the following, EXCEPT to: A) stay abreast of changes within the profession. B) share ideas with other providers. C) interact with members from other parts of the country. D) conform to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 11 39) With regard to medical authorization, which of the following best describes the role of a paramedic in providing prehospital care? A) He relies on the delegated practice of a licensed physician medical director. B) He relies on the delegated practice of any licensed health care practitioners, such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, and dentists. C) He relies on the delegated practice of a licensed nurse. D) He relies on the autonomous medical practitioner. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 816 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) Which of the following are likely subjects of standing orders or protocols? A) How to handle DNR orders B) Procedures that can be done only with a direct order C) When to use air transport versus ground transport D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 10 41) Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic elements of citizen involvement in EMS? A) Recognizing an emergency B) Providing financial support for EMS agencies C) Initiating basic life support procedures D) Accessing the EMS system Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 42) The first use of a prehospital system of triage and transport took place: A) in large cities in the 19th-century United States. B) during the U.S. Civil War. C) during the Napoleonic Wars. D) in ancient Mesopotamia. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 43) An example of a quality improvement activity in EMS is: A) peer review of patient care. B) displaying the "Star of Life" symbol. C) disciplinary action for patient care issues. D) using a Type II or III ambulance. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25, 35 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1417 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 44) The Institute of Medicine published Emergency Medical Services for Children in: A) 1993. B) 1984. C) 1969. D) 1977. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 45) Sending multiple levels of emergency care personnel to the same incident is called a: A) mass casualty incident. B) helicopter EMS. C) tiered response. D) chain of survival. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 46) An occupation in which the practitioners have a competence in a specialized body of knowledge or skills that has been recognized by some organization or agency is called a: A) profession. B) career. C) vocation. D) trade. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 47) Which of these documents recommended that EMS of the future should have the ability to identify and modify illness and injury risks, provide acute illness and injury care and follow-up, and contribute to treatment of chronic conditions and community health monitoring? A) Injury in America: A Continuing Public Health Problem B) The EMS Agenda for the Future C) Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads D) The Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) study Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 20 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 618 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 48) Which of these is NOT an issue facing EMS providers, according to Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads? A) Insufficient coordination B) Disparities in response times C) Limited evidence base D) Medical malpractice Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 7 49) Categorization of EMS-receiving hospitals was initially developed to identify which of the following? A) trauma care capability B) stroke care capability C) burn care capability D) chest pain care capability Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 33 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 13 50) Which of the following is a knowledge-based failure of patient safety? A) A stressed EMS provider applies the wrong rule, resulting in patient injury. B) A distracted paramedic fails to perform a routine skill correctly. C) A tired EMS provider fails to follow a relevant rule, resulting in patient injury. D) A narcissistic paramedic makes a bad decision based on insufficient information. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 35 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 15 Chapter 3 Roles and Responsibilities of the Paramedic 1) Which of the following professional characteristics is required for patients to trust paramedics to be in their homes and have access to their property and personal information? A) Patient advocacy B) Integrity C) Empathy D) Leadership Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 519 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2) When en route to a call, one of the paramedic's chief responsibilities is: A) assessing the patient's responsiveness. B) preparing the ambulance to accept the patient. C) identifying the mechanism of injury or nature of illness. D) anticipating scene risks and needs based on dispatch information. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 3) Your patient is a 24-year-old man with a severe closed head injury. He is unresponsive, and his vital signs are unstable. Which of the following is the appropriate receiving facility for this patient? A) A Level I trauma center B) A Level III trauma center C) A Level IV trauma center D) A Level II trauma center Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 47 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 4) Defending patients, protecting them, and, in general, acting in their best interests are all examples of: A) leadership. B) empathy. C) patient advocacy. D) integrity. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 5) During the return to service, one of the paramedic's chief responsibilities is: A) decontaminating the ambulance. B) correcting the patient care report. C) giving a verbal report to the receiving facility personnel. D) taking care of personal matters before the next call. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 49 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 220 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 6) The EMT Code of Ethics was established by which of the following groups? A) National Association of EMTs (NAEMT) B) American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) C) National Registry of EMTs (NREMT) D) National Association of EMS Educators (NAEMSE) Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 51 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 7) The paramedic is responsible for determining the mechanism of injury or nature of the illness when carrying out which of the primary responsibilities? A) Scene size-up B) Patient management C) Patient assessment D) Response Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44-45 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 8) Which of the following is NOT one of the paramedic's primary responsibilities? A) Patient follow-up B) Response C) Returning to service after a call D) Medical treatment Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 43-44 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 9) Consoling and offering emotional support to a person who has just seen a loved one die is an example of the professional attribute of: A) patient advocacy. B) leadership. C) empathy. D) integrity. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 521 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Close attention to detail during patient care reflects which of the following professional attributes? A) Self-motivation B) Patient advocacy C) Empathy D) Careful delivery of service Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 11) Which of the following is one of the paramedic's primary responsibilities? A) Accident reconstruction B) Crowd control C) Patient disposition D) Public relations Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43-44 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 12) Respecting the opinions offered by peers on a call is an example of which professional characteristic? A) Advocacy B) Diplomacy C) Communication D) Leadership Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 4 13) Which of the following is an example of professional development? A) Participating in mentoring activities B) Reading professional publications C) Attending refresher and continuing education classes D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 50 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 422 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 14) Knowing ________ is NOT part of the paramedic's responsibility prior to an EMS call. A) the nature of illness B) what resources are available C) medical protocols D) how to use communication technology Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 43-44 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 2 15) Which of the following is NOT part of a paramedic's administrative duties? A) Recordkeeping B) Station duties C) Developing interagency relationships D) Promoting community health Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 49 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 16) Which of the following professional characteristics is displayed in a paramedic's selfconfidence, inner strength, ability to communicate, and willingness to make a decision? A) Integrity B) Respect C) Empathy D) Leadership Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 52 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 17) Which of the following is an example of how paramedics support primary care when carrying out their out-of-hospital functions? A) Transporting all patients to the emergency department B) Determining the appropriateness of treating on the scene and releasing the patient C) Refusing to transport patients who do not have potentially life-threatening conditions D) Transporting to the patient's physician's office, rather than the emergency department Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 48 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 223 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) Maintaining paramedic certification through seeking and reporting continuing education is the responsibility of the: A) state EMS office. B) paramedic. C) EMS system. D) training officer. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 50 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 19) Which of the following is NOT an example of the paramedic's responsibility for community involvement? A) Teaching the public BLS classes B) Conducting illness and injury risk surveys C) Allowing citizens to vote on EMS protocols D) Helping the public learn how to recognize an emergency Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 49-50 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 3 20) The paramedic who routinely fails to complete duties and paperwork in a timely manner is most likely lacking which of the following professional attributes? A) Self-confidence B) Self-motivation C) Leadership D) Integrity Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 5 21) A way for paramedics to determine appropriate injury prevention programs for their community is by using: A) community self-reports. B) injury risk surveys. C) National Science Foundation guidelines. D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 49-50 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 324 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) Which of the following is NOT considered an allied health profession? A) Nursing B) Paramedicine C) Respiratory therapy D) Physical therapy Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 51 Standard: Preparatory (EMS Systems) Objective: 1 Chapter 4 Workforce Safety and Wellness 1) The stage of the stress response in which the pituitary gland releases a flood of adrenocorticotropic hormones is: A) exhaustion. B) resistance. C) withdrawal. D) alarm. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 75 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 8 2) Which of the following statements about Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief is most accurate? A) These stages are only experienced by patients actually undergoing the dying process. B) Dying patients experience these stages in their own unique ways. C) Although people have unique experiences along the way, they do experience all five stages. D) Health care providers typically experience one to three of the stages when grieving the death of a patient. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 72 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 7 3) Which of the following best describes those in an ambulance who should use seat belts? A) All persons on board (care providers, patients, and family) B) Only the patient, because the requirements of medical care take priority C) Only those riding in the back D) Only those seated in the front Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 80 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1125 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Of the following, which is NOT generally used on scene to minimize hazards? A) Helmets B) Body armor C) Reflective tape D) Surgical scrubs Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 79 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 5) One of the principles of proper lifting is to: A) hold your breath while lifting. B) position the load close to your body. C) pull rather than push when possible. D) bend at the waist to use the strong muscles of the back. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64-65 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 5 6) Which of the Kübler-Ross stages of grief would be suspected if a cancer patient said to you, "This frustrates me so much. I never saw it coming, and now my family will have to go on without me"? A) Bargaining B) Hopelessness C) Anger D) Denial Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 7 7) Which of the following is an important factor in reducing the risk of infection? A) Stress management B) Adequate rest C) Good nutrition D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 226 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) To minimize the stress of shift work, on their days off paramedics should sleep: A) at the times they sleep on workdays. B) after a heavy meal or strenuous exercise. C) at least 12 hours to catch up on lost sleep. D) at night, regardless of when they sleep on workdays. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 11 9) Which of the following is NOT one of the core elements of physical fitness? A) Muscular strength B) Speed C) Cardiovascular endurance D) Flexibility Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60-61 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 10) When coping mechanisms can no longer buffer job stressors, the likely result is: A) withdrawal. B) burnout. C) eustress. D) fugue state. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 8 11) Which of the following causes the greatest hazard for EMS personnel? A) Motor vehicle collisions B) Violence C) Suicide D) Communicable diseases Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 79 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1127 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) What is the minimum number of times you should exercise weekly to build cardiovascular endurance? A) 2 B) 5 C) 3 D) 10 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 61 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 13) Good nutrition habits include: A) drinking 2-3 cups of coffee a day. B) eating 1-2 servings of grains or breads daily. C) enjoying charcoal-cooked foods. D) bringing low-calorie snacks to work. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 14) You are on a scene at which you have requested and received orders for field termination of resuscitative measures. Which of the following terms should you use when informing the family of the patient's status? A) Gone B) Expired C) Dead D) Passed Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 73 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 7 15) At which of the following times should you wash your hands? A) Before meals B) When your hands are visibly soiled C) After every patient contact and/or decontamination procedure D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 228 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) The minimum recommended PPE for prehospital providers is all of the following, EXCEPT: A) reusable equipment. B) HEPA respirator. C) protective gloves. D) protective eyewear. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66-67 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 6 17) When operating an emergency vehicle, the paramedic should show due regard for the safety of: A) the patient. B) the EMS crew members. C) the general public. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 80 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 11 18) Which of the following is NOT a recommended vaccination for EMS providers? A) Tuberculosis B) Hepatitis B C) Measles/mumps/rubella D) Influenza Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 19) The most important Standard Precaution the EMS provider can employ as an infection control practice is to: A) avoid direct patient contact. B) sterilize all contaminated equipment. C) wash hands frequently. D) receive all recommended vaccinations. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 629 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 20) A type of exercise in which muscles are worked through their full ranges of motion to develop muscular strength is called: A) iatrogenic. B) isotonic. C) isolateral. D) isometric. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 61 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1 21) A patient with suspected or known ________ makes it necessary for the care provider to don a HEPA or an N-95 respirator. A) pneumonia B) HIV C) viral meningitis D) tuberculosis Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 6 22) In addition to gloves, what personal protective equipment should you wear when assisting with childbirth? A) Protective eyewear and gown B) Mask, gown, and protective eyewear C) Mask D) Protective eyewear and N-95 respirator Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 6 23) What can be done to minimize the possibility of developing cancer? A) Eating broccoli and high-fiber foods B) Wearing sunblock C) Risk-assessment screening D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 330 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) Which of the following procedures would you use for dealing with a backboard contaminated with blood? A) Sterilization B) Cleaning C) Disinfection D) Disposal Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 6 25) Your EMS partner has been through some hard times lately. He broke up with his wife a few months ago, and his father died last month. After not smoking for years, he's taken it up again and now chain-smokes. He's sometimes rude to patients, and when you try to talk with him about this, he cuts you off. Your partner is using stress management techniques best described as: A) normal. B) defensive. C) detrimental. D) neutral. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 77 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 9 26) Which of the following increases the risk of motor vehicle collision? A) Poor weather conditions B) Multiple vehicle responses C) The use of an ambulance escort D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 80 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1131 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) You are responding to a call for a "person slumped behind the wheel of a car" on a quiet side street at 1 AM. How should you approach this car? A) Pull up in front of the car, turn on all lights and the siren, and move quickly toward the vehicle. B) Pull up in front of the car, turn on all lights, and stay in the ambulance to determine scene safety. C) Pull up behind the car, use spotlights to "blind" the occupant, and approach cautiously until you perceive that there is no hostile intent. D) Park behind the car at a safe distance, remain in the ambulance, and wait for law enforcement to arrive and ensure scene safety. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 80 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 11 28) When you are in a stressful situation and find yourself thinking, "I can't do this," one effective strategy is to: A) withdraw. B) deny. C) project. D) reframe. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 9 29) Which of the following normally occurs as part of the "fight-or-flight" response? A) Pupils dilate. B) Heart rate decreases. C) Blood pressure decreases. D) Digestion speeds up. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 75 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 8 30) One way to prevent a potentially hostile situation is to: A) assert your authority. B) move into bystanders' personal space. C) communicate effectively. D) maintain a closed stance. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 79 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1132 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) Your ambulance arrives at a scene where a car has run into a ditch alongside a two-lane country highway. You should park the ambulance: A) in front of the car on the same side of the street. B) behind the car on the same side of the street. C) behind the car on the opposite side of the street. D) in front of the car on the opposite side of the street. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 80 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 11 32) The stress management technique of controlled breathing works by: A) reducing adrenaline levels. B) increasing blood pressure. C) increasing ACTH levels. D) speeding digestion. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 9 33) Which of the following can increase the risk of back injury? A) Smoking B) Weak abdominal muscles C) Poor nutrition D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 5 34) You are providing end-of-life care to a patient in the last stages of a terminal illness. She appears to be at peace and speaks animatedly about her upcoming funeral. She is in which stage of loss? A) Acceptance B) Denial C) Bargaining D) Depression Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 733 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 35) Which of the following is a benefit of good nutritional habits? A) Proper body weight B) Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease C) Reduced cancer risk D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62-63 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 36) Eating habits that contribute to good nutrition include which of the following? A) Consuming no more than 10 percent of calories from carbohydrates B) Eating a variety of foods from the major food groups daily C) Eating primarily high-protein foods D) Consuming 8 to 10 glasses of fruit juice per day Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 37) Which of the following practices, when done regularly, can help reduce back injuries during lifting? A) Gaining body weight to "anchor" the lift B) Keeping the palms up when possible while lifting the cot C) Using traditional sit-ups to strengthen lower back muscles during exercise routines D) Counterbalance the lift by moving your center of gravity away from the load Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 5 38) Which of the following Standard Precautions should paramedics use with every patient? A) Disposable gloves B) Surgical gown and mask C) Mask and protective eyewear D) HEPA mask Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 634 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 39) Shift work, down time between calls, and inadequate pay are all examples of ________ stressors. A) emotional B) administrative C) environmental D) physical Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 8 40) Standard Precautions are used on the assumption that: A) the blood and body fluids of all patients are potentially infectious. B) hemorrhage is likely in most patients who call EMS. C) paramedics are threatened mainly by airborne pathogens. D) patients who look healthy are not contagious. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 6 41) You just sustained an accidental needle stick with a contaminated intravenous needle. You should immediately: A) request a tetanus shot. B) contact your supervisor. C) wash the affected area with soap and water. D) ask the patient about lifestyle risk factors for HIV. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71-72 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 42) Which of the following is part of good handwashing technique? A) Use the hottest water that can be tolerated. B) Use only antibacterial bar soap, avoiding liquid soaps when possible. C) Thoroughly lather your hands with soap, front and back, for at least 15 seconds. D) Use an ethanol-based, waterless hand sanitizer instead of soap when possible. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 635 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) Which of the following is NOT a common warning sign of cancer? A) Change in mole size or appearance B) Weight gain C) Unexplained chronic fatigue D) Abnormal lumps Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 44) Which of the following is a physiological benefit of achieving and maintaining physical fitness? A) Increased resting blood pressure B) Increased metabolic rate C) Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity D) Increased resting heart rate Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 45) Which of the following is a bloodborne disease? A) Hepatitis B B) Rubella C) Tuberculosis D) Influenza Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 46) The long spine board on which you transported a patient directly contacted the patient's unbroken skin. How would you clean the board? A) Wash it with soap and water. B) Discard it. C) Sterilize it with an EPA-approved solution. D) Disinfect it with a solution of 1 part bleach to 10 parts of water. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 636 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 47) Any occurrence in which blood or body fluids contact non-intact skin or mucous membranes is considered a(n): A) contamination. B) exposure. C) incident. D) infection. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 1 48) As part of a healthy diet to control weight, you should: A) eat low-calorie snacks. B) cut back on fluids. C) eat quickly. D) eat less than the serving size on the food label. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 49) A supervisor senses that an EMS crew that has just conducted a very dramatic, but unsuccessful, rescue of a drowned child may be experiencing very intense emotions about the incident. Which of the following is an appropriate supervisory action? A) Do nothing unless the providers become obviously distressed. B) Refer all crew members to psychiatric help at the end of the shift. C) Minimize any effects by keeping a low-key attitude about the incident. D) Initiate a "resiliency based care" program to care for the mental health of the crew. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78-79 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 10 50) When physically preparing yourself to work safely as a paramedic, you should: A) exercise your cardiovascular system at least three times a week. B) read as much as you can about physical fitness. C) perform as many traditional sit-ups as you can to promote abdominal strength. D) do as little as possible to preserve your strength for emergency duty. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 61 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 337 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 51) When evaluating a patient with tuberculosis, paramedics should protect themselves by: A) placing a HEPA respirator on the patient. B) wearing surgical masks. C) wearing HEPA respirators. D) placing nonrebreather masks on their patients. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 2 52) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of physical fitness? A) Back safety B) Improved self-image C) Enhanced quality of life D) Maintenance of motor skills Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 3 53) Which of the following is NOT a common approach to managing addiction? A) aversion therapy B) behavior modification C) hypnotism D) enhancement therapy Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Standard: Preparatory (Workforce Safety and Wellness) Objective: 4 Chapter 5 EMS Research 1) ________ describes phenomena in numbers. A) Prospective research B) Qualitative research C) Mixed research D) Quantitative research Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 88 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 138 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2) Which type of research can help determine whether a procedure, drug, treatment, or similar strategy actually improves patient outcomes? A) Bench B) Outcomes-based C) Mixed D) Qualitative Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 86 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 3) The person who is overseeing a study and is familiar with requirements for informed consent is the: A) controller. B) institutional review foreman. C) principal investigator. D) abstract editor. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 102 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 4) The difference between mean and median is which of the following? A) Mean is calculated by adding values, then dividing the sum by the number of values involved; median is calculated by putting the values into numerical order and finding the middle value. B) Mean is a representation of the standard deviation within a study, and median is the value of the variance. C) Median is calculated by adding values, then dividing the sum by the number of values involved; mean is calculated by putting the values into numerical order and finding the middle value. D) Mean is the value of the variance within a study, and median is a representation of the standard deviation. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 94 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 5) A group of subjects who do not have manipulation of the independent variable is called the: A) subject group. B) experimental group. C) treatment group. D) control group. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 89 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 139 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 6) The acronym ANOVA stands for: A) an over-variable analog. B) a novel analysis. C) analysis of variance. D) abstract null overaction. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 7) A specific question that a research study sets out to answer is called the: A) hypothesis. B) experiment. C) meta-analysis. D) odds ratio. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 87 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 8) How well a study supports the conclusions is referred to as: A) variance. B) validity. C) bias. D) ordinal data. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 9) A type of study that does not allow the subjects or the experimenters to know who is in the control group is: A) quasi-experimental. B) cross-sectional. C) double blind D) single blind. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 90 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 140 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) The statistic that reflects only the odds of seeing the results of a particular piece of research if the study hypothesis is TRUE is the: A) nominal data. B) P value. C) chi square test. D) t test. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 11) Which of the following is a common measure of dispersion? A) Standard deviation B) Confidence interval C) Inferential statistics D) Ordinal data Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 12) The process by which scientists endeavor to construct an accurate representation of the world that is reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary is the: A) case series. B) random sampling. C) iterative process. D) scientific method. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 87 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1 13) The ________ is a brief paragraph that summarizes the need for the study, the research methods used, and the results encountered. A) abstract B) mode C) hypothesis D) parameter Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 97 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 141 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 14) What is the first step of the scientific method? A) Observe and ask questions. B) Construct a hypothesis. C) Conduct research and collect data. D) Test the hypothesis. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 87 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 4 15) Where are the results of a scientific study published, regardless of the outcome of the study? A) In a medical director paper B) In an EMS trade magazine C) In a university-based magazine D) In a peer-reviewed journal Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 88 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 4 16) What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? A) Quantitative research uses a control group; qualitative research does not use a control group. B) Quantitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; qualitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data. C) Quantitative research does not use a control group; qualitative research does use a control group. D) Qualitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; quantitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 88 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 5 17) When comparing and contrasting between a retrospective and prospective study, which of the following is a TRUE statement? A) Prospective studies are generally less expensive than retrospective methodologies. B) There is more chance for the introduction of bias in the data gathering for prospective studies. C) Prospective studies have greater validity than retrospective studies. D) Retrospective studies use a research form or instrument specifically designed for the study. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 88-89 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 542 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) In a(n) ________ study, subjects are randomized into either the treatment group or the control group; this type is considered among the most valid of studies. A) experimental B) quasi-experimental C) observational D) retrospective Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 89 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 6 19) In many situations it is unethical to withhold treatment from a group simply for the purposes of experimentation. As a result, a(n) ________ study must be done. A) observational B) quasi-experimental C) retrospective D) prospective Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 90 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 7 20) The most valid of all the specific study types is: A) cross-sectional study. B) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. C) expert opinions, editorials, rational conjecture. D) In vivo research. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 90 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 6 21) This type of study has less validity than an RCT, but it has utility in some circumstances. The problem in this study design is that there is an increased chance that the study groups will be different. A) Cohort study B) Nonrandomized controlled trial C) Cross-sectional study D) Case series Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 91 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 543 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) The mean is especially useful when the data are what statisticians call "normally distributed." This means: A) if you graphed the data, it would form a shape similar to a bell curve. B) values are placed into numerical order, and the middle value is determined. C) the data falls within the "fiftieth percentile." D) the distribution of a group is how spread out it is, or how dispersed the data are. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 94 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 8 23) ________ are very important in interpreting the value of the research results. A) Measures of central tendency B) Standard deviations C) Qualitative statistics D) Confidence intervals Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 8 24) Which section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed? A) Introduction B) Discussion C) Methods D) Results Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 97 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 9 25) The ________ section of a research paper is where the authors interpret their findings and describe their significance. A) summary B) results C) methods D) discussion Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 97 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 944 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 26) The first thing to appear after the title and names of the authors of a research paper is the: A) introduction. B) summary. C) abstract. D) results. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 97 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 9 27) All of the following are questions to ask when reviewing a study, EXCEPT: A) Was the study type appropriate? B) Was the research peer reviewed? C) Were the results reported properly? D) What control group were the researchers studying? Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100-101 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 10 28) What type of confidence interval would be appropriate for a research study that is potentially going to change EMS practice? A) 80 percent B) 85 percent C) 90 percent D) 95 percent Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 8 29) A ________ is undertaken first to find unforeseen obstacles to data gathering during participation in a research study. A) null hypothesis B) pilot trial C) principal investigation D) data analysis Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 102 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 945 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 30) Telling participants the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrolling patients in the study, the effect of the study on patient care in general, and the risks and potential benefits to patients in the study helps to: A) gain informed consent. B) get EMS concessions. C) identify the PI. D) determine how to publish. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 7 31) Which of these is an EMS technique that has been proven through research to be less effective than once thought? A) tiered response B) modified Valsalva maneuver C) endotracheal intubation D) evidence-based practice Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 86 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 2 32) Which of these conclusions did the 2001 National EMS Research Agenda NOT reach? A) Develop a cadre of EMS researchers and support them early in their careers. B) Publicize research that supports the consensus of EMS medical directors. C) Establish an alternate funding source for EMS research outside of government. D) View research as necessary for the improvement of patient care. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 86 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 3 33) Which of these is not necessarily a step EMS providers should take when conducting a research study? A) Implement a cohort study model. B) Determine how to obtain informed consent from study subjects. C) Prepare a null hypothesis and research hypothesis. D) Define the population to be studied. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 101 Standard: Preparatory (Research) Objective: 1146 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Public Health 1) The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community through the use of preventive medicine is known as: A) public health. B) epidemiology. C) primary prevention. D) injury risk. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 107 Standard: Public Health Objective: 1 2) The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence and prevalence of disease in large populations is known as: A) tertiary prevention. B) injury surveillance. C) epidemiology. D) field investigation. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 108 Standard: Public Health Objective: 1 3) Rehabilition activities that help prevent further injury are called: A) quaternary prevention. B) secondary prevention. C) primary prevention. D) tertiary prevention. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 109 Standard: Public Health Objective: 1 4) A(n) ________ is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of injury data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. A) injury surveillance program B) primary prevention program C) injury risk program D) epidemiological program Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 109 Standard: Public Health Objective: 147 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Which one of the following roles does EMS have in public health when providing health care screenings and vaccinations, providing health education, and targeting high-risk populations in an effort to ensure that they are receiving needed medical care? A) Disease surveillance B) Disaster management C) Injury prevention D) Health promotion Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 110 Standard: Public Health Objective: 2 6) Common strategies that include child safety seat classes, bicycle safety training, drunk driving education programs, smoking prevention, and swimming pool safety programs fall under which public health role of EMS? A) Health promotion B) Injury prevention C) Pol