NR 599 midterm exam Questions and Answers

NR 599 midterm exam Questions and Answers NR 599 midterm exam Informatics Answer- science and art of turning data into information what concepts/sciences does informatics apply (3) Answer- computer science cognitive science information science What does computer science study Answer- the theory of underpinning information and computation and their implementation in computer systems Facets of computer science (4) Answer- hardware software communication solutions to related problems What does cognitive science study Answer- how the human mind works from an information processing perspective What does information science study Answer- retrieval and management of information and human-computer interaction What are the 2 levels of NI practice Answer- generalist informatics-nurse specialists Generalist in NI practice Answer- experience in the field and knowledgeable but not educated at graduate level Informatics Nurse Specialist Answer- More sophisticated level of understanding and skills- graduate level training Innovator Conducts informatics research and generates informatics theory Does every healthcare setting have an informatics nurse or an informatics nurse specialist? Answer- No, but every setting requires at least a basic level of nursing-informatics competencies what is knowledge work Answer- collecting data, turning it into information and creating knowledge/wisdom Why is nursing informatics important Answer- because nurses are knowledge workers (taking data and turning it into information and knowledge) How can technology aid knowledge work Answer- helps to: collect data see trends process information create kowledge According to QSEN is informatics a key skill for optimal patient care Answer- Yes How do standard terminologies contribute to the development of knowledge Answer- ensure all professionals share the same understanding/meaning of a concept clarifies communication facilitates research provides structure for support tools and EHRs In regards to the foundation of knowledge model, what do standard terminologies support Answer- knowledge acquisition dissemination generation processing standard terminology Answer- structured/controlled what is knowledge according to the text Answer- awareness that information can be used to make a decision the external process of testing, sensing and interacting is used to describe Answer- knowledge the internal process of thinking or cognition is used to describe Answer- knowledge knowledge that is translated into action is Answer- wisdom sometimes considered the highest form of common sense is ....... Answer- knowledge application of knowledge in a practical way is ..... Answer- wisdom _________________ is a building block of knowledge Answer- information knowledge must be viable --- what does that mean Answer- must be accessible, timely, and accurate what are the 4 parts of the foundation of knowledge model Answer- knowledge acquisition, dissemination, generation, and processing what is knowledge acquisition Answer- getting knowledge what is knowledge dissemination Answer- giving or distributing knowledge what is knowledge processing Answer- analyzing, manipulating, or processing knowledge what is knowledge generation Answer- creation of new knowledge from old knowledge using experience or other input the model that humans are organic and constantly generate, acquire, process, and disseminate knowledge Answer- foundation of knowledge model the study of storage of information through algorithm is ..... Answer- computer science study of theoretical foundations of information and its application in computer systems Answer- computer science study of the mind and behavior as it pertains to information processing Answer- cognitive science study of the use and application of information in interactions with people / organizations Answer- information science integration of social science, library science, computer science, communication science, and cognitive science Answer- information science terminology approved by general consent or an approving body Answer- standardized terminology nomenclatures, classifications systems, data sets, and code sets are all included in ...... Answer- standardized terminology system of rules for adding terms used in art/science(such as nursing) Answer- nomenclature a system of grouping like terms into categories used to identify costs and outcomes -- not used in clinical documentation Answer- classification classification used to create a catalog for discussion or info retrieval Answer- taxonomy utilization of classification according to a predetermined system with the resulting catalog being used to provide a conceptual framework for dicussion/analysis/info retreival Answer- taxonomy Collection of data organized in a specific manner Answer- data set what is ICD Answer- international statistical classification of diseases and health related problems diagnosis codes (up to 6 characters) descriptions and classifications of known disease/injuries form of standardized terminology What is ICD used for Answer- collection of morbidity/mortality stats automated clinical decision support assignment of codes to medical dx and procedures associated with hospital utilization what is CPT Answer- Current Procedural Terminology billing codes Who maintains the ICD Answer- World health organization WHO who maintains CPT Answer- American medical association AMA Difference between ICD and CPT Answer- CPT - american medical association, ICD world health organization CPT more codes the interventions , ICD is more the diagnosis how many organizations are involved in changing standardized terminology Answer- 2 -- national like ANA, and international like ICN What is HITECH? Answer- In 2009, Congress amended HIPAA by passing the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act. This law updated many of HIPAA's privacy and security requirements and was implemented through the HIPAA Omnibus Rule in 2013. What does Division A of the HITECH act address Answer- development, adoption, and implementation of HIT policies and standards and provides enhanced privacy and security protections for patient info What does division B for the HITECH act address Answer- medicare and medicaid HIT and provides the significant financial incentives to healthcare professional and hospitals that adopted HIT and engaged in meaningful use of EHRs Why was meaningful use developed Answer- as an incentive [rogram to assure EHRs are used according to standard to acheive quality, safety, and efficiency measures HITECH is part of: Answer- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) HITECH is title....division..... Answer- title XIII (13), division A of the ARRA What did the HITECH Act do? Answer- offer financial incentive for meaningful use and EHRs access to EHRs by all providers and providing every patient with an EHR are parts of the ........... Answer- HITECH Act how does HITECH define health information technology Answer- any services or software that are sold for use as part of health information used by healthcare professionals or patients HIT is key according to the NQS (National quality strategy) to achieve what 3 improvements Answer- better car affordable care healthy populations what is certified EHR technology Answer- EHR software that is approved by governing agencies and meets specific standards what is electronic enterprise integration Answer- linking healthcare providers, health plans, the government, and other interested parties electronically what is a qualified EHR Answer- an EHR that supports clinical documentation and decisions and is capable of capturing, logging, and sharing that information what does a qualified EHR contain Answer- patients demographic and clinical health information including medical hx and a list of health problems what office was established by the HITECH act Answer- office of the national coordinator for health information technology (ONC) what is meaningful use Answer- -an incentive program to encourage the adoption of EHR -doesn't cover the total cost of EHRs -need to use EHR in a meaningful way (certain criteria had to be met) -fostered faster adoption rates of EHR EHR versus EHRS Answer- EHR - the record, EHRS - the software that enables use of the information EHRS includes Answer- CPOE (computerized practitioner order entry) CDS (clinical decision systems) practitioner documentation capability the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions --- what is this Answer- health literacy the use of digital technology to locate, navigate, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and effectively communicate in a rapidly changing information environment in the pursuit of knowledge Answer- information literacy what are the TIGER competencies (3) Answer- basic computer competency information literacy information management what are the 5 competency standards for information literacy for nursing **need to know all 5** Answer- determine needed information access information effectively analyze information to determine if search needs to be adjusted use information for a purpose understands the issues with information use and ethically proceeds information literacy competency standards (6) Answer- determine extent of info needed access needed info effectively evaluate info and its source critically Incorporate selected info into knowledge base use info effectively to accomplish purpose understand economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the of info and access and use info ethically and legally the ability to find and evaluate the quality of information Answer- information literacy determining quality of information and navigating databases Answer- information literacy what is TIGER and what are the 3 competencies Answer- began in 2006, technology informatics guiding education reform -- guide education reform to include information literacy, computer literacy, clinical information management computer literacy includes (3) Answer- familiar with computer use, navigate links, use database to access information clinical information management includes (4) Answer- using clinical decision systems (CDS) to protect PHI , use reports for decision making participate in developing technologies use technology to communicate Meaningful use stages Answer- Stage 1: Data capture and sharing Stage 2:Advance clinical processes Stage 3:Improved outcomes what is the human-technology interface Answer- the interaction between humans and software or technology Clinical Decision Support Answer- provides clinicians, staff, patients or other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and health care. Informatics Competencies Answer- computer skills informatics knowledge informatics skills Beginner nurse informatics competencies Answer- start computer/log on to application access and send email collect and enter patient data into the information system experienced nurse informatics competencies Answer- identify risks and limitations of surfing the internet to find EBP info gather data to draw/synthesize conclusions explain how to maintain integrity of info resources Informatics nurse specialist competencies Answer- fluent in nursing informatics and nursing terminologies applies aspects of human technology interface to screen, device, and software teach nurses how to locate, access, retrieve and evaluate info informatics innovator competencies Answer- analyze systems transform software programs to support data analysis and aggregation lead rresearch effores to determine application needs scientific underpinning Answer- provides basis pf knowledge for adv nursing practice includes sciences such as biology, physiology, ethics, and nursing NI scientific underpinning Answer- nursing science information science computer science General principles of nursing informatics Answer- health information systems are important to clinical practice ensure confidentiality of protected patient information assure access control of HIT What does informatics provide medical professionals Answer- knowledge, skills, and understanding to harness the tools at hand and use them well to enact improvement why is standard terminology important to the devlopment of EHR Answer- to represent, communicate, exchange, reuse, and report data/information/knowledge in a meaningful way are standard terminologies based on concepts or terms and why Answer- concepts to allow for growth over time Each concept has a unique identifier known as a ....... which is made of............. Answer- code, alphanumeric characters What does the code of a concpet support Answer- tracking data (for EBP, decision support, reports, etc.) EHR basic definition Answer- database of an individuals healthcare data during healthcare encounters major benefit to electronic health info Answer- ability to engage pts in their care and provide venues to access caregivers virtually basic functions of electronic record systems Answer- clinical documentation clinical messaging Health Information Technology is comprised of.. Answer- hardware software integrated technologies/related licenses intellectual properties upgrades/packaged solutions Health information technology is a key element to achieve what 3 goals Answer- better care affordable care healthy populations/communities typs of information systems Answer- case management info system communication systems core business systems (ADT systems, financial systems, acuity systems, and scheduling systems) Order entry systems Patient care support systems (clinical documentation, pharmacy info, lab info, radiology info) Which information system is patient-centered Answer- Clinical documentation system aka CIS clinincal information systems What do patient-centered information systems do Answer- collect, process, and distrubute patient-centered data to aid in managing and providing care Why are Clinical documentation systems concidered to be patient-centered Answer- they contain the observations, interventions, and outcomes about the patient noted by the care team together......create a comprehensive record of the patients medical history and support organizational processes Answer- information systems What is human-technology interface Answer- anytime a human uses technology some type of hardware or software enables and supports that interaction and that hardware/software defines the interface Examples of human-technology interfaces Answer- ID badge cards defibrillator use PCA pump vital sign machine electric thermometers videoconferencing etc human-technology interface problems Answer- complexity of interfaces can cause errors workarounds (i.e. removing armband from pt to easiuly access it) alarm fatigue Answer- Multiple false alarms or insiginificant alarms causeing nursies to ignore or slowlyy respond to alarms digital natives Answer- young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking typically born after 1982 digital immigrants Answer- late adopters of technology