AP World History Unit 10 Cold War and Decolonization Latest 2022 Graded A

AP World History Unit 10 Cold War and Decolonization Latest 2022 Graded A The Cold War 40 year period of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union Latter half of the 20th century, Capitalist United States and the Communist USSR emerged as the two global superpowers competing to fill the power vacuums left behind by WWII. They competed for global dominance through nuclear brinkmanship and proxy wars in the developing world. Marshall Plan U.S program to support the reconstruction of Western Europe after WWII by giving them a TON of money, farming and industrial equipment, and food. Used as Cold War tool by USA to promote democracies and capitalism NATO Military alliance created in 1949 made up of 12 non communist countries including the United States that support each other if attacked Warsaw Pact The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Developing Country Refers to countries that have not industrialized or are in the process of industrializing Many countries were colonies and gained indepence after WW2 Nonalignment Movement Refers to a group of developing countries that stayed neutrality in the Cold War... chose not to side with either USSR or USA Proxy War A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate Civil wars in which the superpowers backed different different sides that acted as substitutes for the superpowers themselves Domino Effect Idea that if the United States would let one country fall to communist control neighbouring countries would fall into communism Containment Strategy U.S policy to contain or restrict communism from spreading to stop the Domino effect Nuclear Proliferation The spread of nuclear weapons to nation's that doesn't have them The rapid creation and stock piling of nuclear weapons Vietnam War Refers to America's involvement in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Considered a proxy war as USA backed anti communist South Vietnam and USSR backed communist North Vietnam with Ho Chi Minh Cuban Missile Crisis The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba. 13 day stand off Trueman Doctrine Policy to help other countries resist communism and think of it as a threat Zionism An international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel... to protect the Jewish people Religious Fundamentalism Refers to the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet,and/ or God Any religion can have fundamentals Iranian Revolution The overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and the creation of an Islamic state Delocalization After WW2 and during the Cold war nationalism in European colonies led to a period of Independence movements. Independence was gained through violent struggle or negoteations. Powerful empires broke apart Mahatma Gandhi Played a key role in India's Independence movements with his policy of non violence and his leadership of the INC Nehru First prime minister of India Partition of India India gained it's Independence from Britain. Upon indepence tensions between Hindus and Muslims led to the country splitting into 2- Muslim Majority Pakistan and Hindu Majority India African National Congress A political organization that pushed for an end to apartheid in South Africa and equality between whites and blacks Kenyatta A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya Nkrumah Nationalist leader of Ghana Pan-Africanism The idea that people of African descent, in all parts of the world, have a common heritage and destiny and should cooperate in political action. Pan-Arabism The idea that all Arabic speaking people should unite into one country Pan-Islamism A political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state Muslim League Indian Muslims who broke away from the Indian National Congress. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah Secularism The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.