AP Bio 2018年真题 （其他年份请加微信）

AP® Biology Exam SECTION I: Multiple Choice and Grid-In 2018 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time 1 hour and 30 minutes Number of Questions 58 Percent of Total Score 50% Writing Instrument Pencil required Electronic Device Calculator allowed Instructions Section I of this exam contains 53 multiple choice questions and 5 grid in questions Indicate all of your answers to the Section I questions on the answer sheet No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work For questions 1 through 53 after you have decided which of the suggested answers is best completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet Fill in only the circles for questions 1 through 53 Because this section offers only four answer options for each question do not mark the E answer circle for any question Give only one answer to each question If you change an answer be sure that the previous mark is erased completely Here is a sample question and answer Sample Question Sample Answer Chicago is a @ e © @® (A) state (B) city (C) country (D) continent For questions 121 through 125 follow the instructions after question 53 to enter your numeric answers Write your numeric answer in the boxes at the top of the grid and fill in the corresponding circles for questions 121 through 125 Use your time effectively working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy Do not spend too much time on any one question Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple choice questions Your total score on Section I is based only on the number of questions answered correctly Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions Form I Form Code 40BP4-S 20 AP® BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS c Statistical Analysis and Probability Standard Deviation x l n - xi n i 1 s 1 Standard Error of the Mean Chi-Square s 2 n Chi-Square Table p Degrees of Freedom value 1 2 3 4 5 0.05 3.84 5.99 7.82 9.49 11.07 0.01 6.64 9.21 11.34 13.28 15.09 Laws of Probability If A and B are mutually exclusive, then: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) If A and B are independent, then: 6 12.59 16.81 P(A and B) = P(A) P(B) Hardy-Weinberg Equations (o e)2 e 7 14.07 18.48 8 15.51 20.09 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p+q=I p = frequency of the dominant allele in a population q = frequency of the recessive allele in a population Mode = value that occurs most frequently in a data set x = sample mean n = size of the sample s = sample standard deviation (i.e., the sample-based estimate of the standard deviation of the population) o = observed results e = expected results Degrees of freedom are equal to the number of distinct possible outcomes minus one. Metric Prefixes Factor Prefix Symbol 109 g