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Samenvatting 'Introduction to Sociology', H4

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Samenvatting van 'Introduction to Sociology' door Frank van Tubergen, hoofdstuk 4.

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Inleiding Sociologie – Luca Horstkamp


Hoofdstuk 4: Perspectives
4.1 The origin of sociological perspectives
Perspective: Manier om naar dingen te kijken. Je kan bijvoorbeeld op verschillende manieren naar
een huis kijken, zoals de marktwaarde of de architectuur.

In een onderzoekssetting zijn framework en paradigm synoniemen met ongeveer dezelfde betekenis
als perspectief. Let wel op, perspectief ≠ theorieën.

In Tabel 3 staat een aantal belangrijke denkers en sociologen in de geschiedenis en diens
bijbehorende belangrijke werken.

Name Country of birth Key works Date
Ibn Khaldun Tunesië Muqaddimah 1377
Hobbes Engeland Leviathan 1651
Locke Engeland 2 tretises of government 1689
Ferguson Schotland An essay on the history of civil society 1767
Millar Schotland Observations concering distincion of 1771
ranks in society
Comte Frankrijk A general view of positivism 1844
Tocqueville Frankrijk Democracy in America 1835-1840
Marx & Engels Duitsland (Pruisen) The communist manifesto, Capital 1848, 1867-1894
Spencer Engeland The study of sociology 1873
Durkheim Frankrijk The division of labor in society, Suicide 1893, 1897
Weber Duitsland (Pruisen) The protestant ethic and the spirit of 1905
capitalism
Tabel 3 - Selective overview of early social thinkers, sociologists and key works, 1377–1905.




4.2 Sociological themes and topics
Sociologische onderwerpen: Specifiek onderwerp die van belang zijn in de sociologie. Hieronder
enkele voorbeelden.

• Familie • Gezondheid • Sociale veranderingen en
• Organisaties • Wijken modernisering
• Immigratie en integratie • Criminaliteit • Religie
• Jeugd • Gender • Onderwijs
• Etniciteit en ras • Sociale bewegingen

Sociologisch thema: Complex concept dat diverse onderwerpen op een abstracte manier aan elkaar
relateert.

3 sociologische thema’s:

1. Culture → afkomstig van o.a. Max Weber
2. Social relations → afkomstig van o.a. Emile Durkheim
3. Inequality → afkomstig van o.a. Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels




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