RT 201: IMAGING SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS
PRELIM LECTURE 1: COMPUTER IN MEDICAL IMAGING
INSTRUCTOR: DANNALYN D. IBAÑEZ RRT, MAEM, PhD
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
THE ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN MEDICAL IMAGING COMPUTER GENERATIONS
Medical imaging is a vast field that deals with the Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three
techniques to create images of the human body for generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period
medical purposes. of time, and each gave us either a new and improved
computer or an improvement to the existing computer.
Most of the modern methods of scanning and imaging are
largely based on the computer technology. 1ST
GENERATION Used Vacuum tube devices
HISTORY (Technology around the globe) (1938 -1958)
2ND
Based on individually packed
The computer was born not for entertainment or email but GENERATION
transistors.
out of a need to solve a serious number- crunching crisis. (1958)
3RD Used integrated circuits which consist
ABACUS Earliest calculating tool GENERATION of many transistors and other
(1964) electronic elements fused into a chip.
BLAISE PASCAL
Built mechanical calculators using 4TH
AND Extension of the 3rd generation and
pegged wheels that could perform GENERATION
GOTTFRIED incorporated large scale integration.
basic arithmetic functions. (1975)
LEIBIZ
CHARLES Designed an analytical engine that COMPUTER LANGUAGE
BABBAGE - performed general calculations
1942 automatically. Computer Language translate what the user input into a
series of 1s and 0s
HERMAN
Designed a tabulating machine to
HOLLERITH - Different Number Systems
record census data
1890
JOHN COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
ATANSOFF
AND Built the first electronic computer. HARDWARE - These are visible, physical components that
CLIFFORD are usually categorized according to which operation it
BERRY - 1939 performs.
The British built the first fully
DECEMBER SOFTWARE – It tells the hardware what to do and how to
operational working computer
1943 store data.
called Colossus.
The first general purpose modern BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
HARVARD computer.
UNIVERSITY - The number system starts with 0 to 1. Converting
1944 ASCC (Automatic Sequence Alphabetic characters, decimal values and logic function
Controlled Calculator) to binary values.
J. PRESPER
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
ECKERT 7 JOHN
Integrator and Calculator.
MAUCHY
Developed the transistor, a switch
that alternately allows or does not
WILLIAM
allow electronic signals.
SHOCKLEY (
1948 )
Made the possibility of the
development of stored program
computer.
Developed UNIVAC (Universal
Automatic Computer)
ECKERT AND
MAUCHLY The 1st commercially successful
general purpose stored program
electronic digital computer.
, RT 201: IMAGING SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS
PRELIM LECTURE 1: COMPUTER IN MEDICAL IMAGING
INSTRUCTOR: DANNALYN D. IBAÑEZ RRT, MAEM, PhD
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
APPLICATION PROGRAMS
Large pixel size low
resolution image
Programs that are written in higher level language
Small pixel size low
expressly to carry out some user function.
resolution image
These are programs that are written by a software
manufacturer or by the user themselves to guide the
computer to perform a specific task
Digital Image are made of discrete picture elements
(pixel) arrange in a matrix OPERATING SYSTEM
The size of the image is described by the power of two
equivalents
256 x 256
1024 x 1024
2048 x 2048 Series of instruction that organizes the course of data
4096 x 4096 through the computer solution of a particular problem.
BIT ASSEMBLER
A single binary digit such as 0 or 1. To encode is to translate
ordinary characters to computer compatible character –
binary digits
A computer program that recognizes symbolic instructions
BYTES such as SUB LD and PT and translate them into binary
code.
Assembly is the translation of a program written in symbolic
Bits that are grouped into bunches of eights. In radiology machine oriented instructions into machine language
departments have measured capacities measured in MB
or GB. COMPILERS AND INTERPRETERS
1 kilobytes =1024 bits.
Computer programs from its high level language into a
COMPUTER PROGRAMS form that is suitable for the assembler or into a form that is
accepted directly by a computer.
A sequence of instructions, stored in any medium, that
can be interpreted and executed by a computer; -- called
most frequently a program.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
PRELIM LECTURE 1: COMPUTER IN MEDICAL IMAGING
INSTRUCTOR: DANNALYN D. IBAÑEZ RRT, MAEM, PhD
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
THE ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN MEDICAL IMAGING COMPUTER GENERATIONS
Medical imaging is a vast field that deals with the Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three
techniques to create images of the human body for generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period
medical purposes. of time, and each gave us either a new and improved
computer or an improvement to the existing computer.
Most of the modern methods of scanning and imaging are
largely based on the computer technology. 1ST
GENERATION Used Vacuum tube devices
HISTORY (Technology around the globe) (1938 -1958)
2ND
Based on individually packed
The computer was born not for entertainment or email but GENERATION
transistors.
out of a need to solve a serious number- crunching crisis. (1958)
3RD Used integrated circuits which consist
ABACUS Earliest calculating tool GENERATION of many transistors and other
(1964) electronic elements fused into a chip.
BLAISE PASCAL
Built mechanical calculators using 4TH
AND Extension of the 3rd generation and
pegged wheels that could perform GENERATION
GOTTFRIED incorporated large scale integration.
basic arithmetic functions. (1975)
LEIBIZ
CHARLES Designed an analytical engine that COMPUTER LANGUAGE
BABBAGE - performed general calculations
1942 automatically. Computer Language translate what the user input into a
series of 1s and 0s
HERMAN
Designed a tabulating machine to
HOLLERITH - Different Number Systems
record census data
1890
JOHN COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
ATANSOFF
AND Built the first electronic computer. HARDWARE - These are visible, physical components that
CLIFFORD are usually categorized according to which operation it
BERRY - 1939 performs.
The British built the first fully
DECEMBER SOFTWARE – It tells the hardware what to do and how to
operational working computer
1943 store data.
called Colossus.
The first general purpose modern BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
HARVARD computer.
UNIVERSITY - The number system starts with 0 to 1. Converting
1944 ASCC (Automatic Sequence Alphabetic characters, decimal values and logic function
Controlled Calculator) to binary values.
J. PRESPER
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
ECKERT 7 JOHN
Integrator and Calculator.
MAUCHY
Developed the transistor, a switch
that alternately allows or does not
WILLIAM
allow electronic signals.
SHOCKLEY (
1948 )
Made the possibility of the
development of stored program
computer.
Developed UNIVAC (Universal
Automatic Computer)
ECKERT AND
MAUCHLY The 1st commercially successful
general purpose stored program
electronic digital computer.
, RT 201: IMAGING SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS
PRELIM LECTURE 1: COMPUTER IN MEDICAL IMAGING
INSTRUCTOR: DANNALYN D. IBAÑEZ RRT, MAEM, PhD
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
APPLICATION PROGRAMS
Large pixel size low
resolution image
Programs that are written in higher level language
Small pixel size low
expressly to carry out some user function.
resolution image
These are programs that are written by a software
manufacturer or by the user themselves to guide the
computer to perform a specific task
Digital Image are made of discrete picture elements
(pixel) arrange in a matrix OPERATING SYSTEM
The size of the image is described by the power of two
equivalents
256 x 256
1024 x 1024
2048 x 2048 Series of instruction that organizes the course of data
4096 x 4096 through the computer solution of a particular problem.
BIT ASSEMBLER
A single binary digit such as 0 or 1. To encode is to translate
ordinary characters to computer compatible character –
binary digits
A computer program that recognizes symbolic instructions
BYTES such as SUB LD and PT and translate them into binary
code.
Assembly is the translation of a program written in symbolic
Bits that are grouped into bunches of eights. In radiology machine oriented instructions into machine language
departments have measured capacities measured in MB
or GB. COMPILERS AND INTERPRETERS
1 kilobytes =1024 bits.
Computer programs from its high level language into a
COMPUTER PROGRAMS form that is suitable for the assembler or into a form that is
accepted directly by a computer.
A sequence of instructions, stored in any medium, that
can be interpreted and executed by a computer; -- called
most frequently a program.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
