EMS 202 EXAM 3 Questions and Answers

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? Select one: a. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-valve mask to minimize hypoxia. b. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. c. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. d. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations. - ANSWER c The diaphragm is innervated by the _______________ nerve, which allows it to contract. Select one: a. vestibulocochlear b. vagus c. phrenic d. hypoglossal - ANSWER c An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: Select one: a. has increased tidal volume. b. requires CPR. c. regains consciousness. d. begins to vomit. - ANSWER b As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: Select one: a. manually triggered ventilation device. b. one-person bag-valve mask. c. mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve. d. mouth-to-mouth technique. - ANSWER c Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: Select one: a. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. b. slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. c. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. d. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. - ANSWER b In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: Select one: a. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. b. requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs. c. occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs. d. is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure. - ANSWER a Inhalation occurs when the: Select one: a. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. b. diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. c. diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. d. diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. - ANSWER c Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes: Select one: a. removing large, solid objects with a tonsil-tip suction catheter. b. suctioning for up to 1 minute if the patient is well oxygenated. c. continuously suctioning patients with copious oral secretions. d. suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx. - ANSWER d The hypoxic drive is influenced by: Select one: a. high blood carbon dioxide levels. b. high blood oxygen levels. c. low blood carbon dioxide levels. d. low blood oxygen levels. - ANSWER d The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: Select one: a. epiglottis. b. cricoid ring. c. vallecula. d. thyroid cartilage. - ANSWER a The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: Select one: a. lactic acid. b. carbon dioxide. c. adenosine triphosphate. d. pyruvic acid. - ANSWER b The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: Select one: a. alveolar ventilation. b. pulmonary ventilation. c. external respiration. d. cellular metabolism. - ANSWER c To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: Select one: a. corner of the mouth to the superior ear. b. corner of the mouth to the earlobe. c. center of the mouth to the posterior ear. d. angle of the jaw to the center of the mouth. - ANSWER b Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult? Select one: a. Shallow breathing b. Increased tidal volume c. Slight decrease in respiratory rate d. Respirations of 20 breaths/min - ANSWER a Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen? Select one: a. Muscle b. Heart c. Kidneys d. Liver - ANSWER a Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct? Select one: a. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing. b. Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body. c. To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation. d. Unlike negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation does not affect the esophageal opening pressure. - ANSWER a Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-valve mask technique is correct? Select one: a. The bag-valve mask delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique. b. Bag-valve mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person. c. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask. d. The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask. - ANSWER c While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should: Select one: a. place him in a supine position and open his airway. b. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him. c. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can. d. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts. - ANSWER d Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: Select one: a. begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids. b. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood. c. rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate. d. cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood. - ANSWER b Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will: Select one: a. deliver positive-pressure ventilation at rate of only 5 or 6 breaths/min. b. allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs. c. time your positive-pressure ventilations to occur during chest recoil. d. ventilate with a bag-valve mask that is not attached to oxygen. - ANSWER b At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: Select one: a. 44%. b. 24%. c. 52%. d. 35%. - ANSWER a Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? Select one: a. Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% b. Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98% c. Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% d. Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97% - ANSWER c Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include: Select one: a. inadequate oxygenation and tracheal injury. b. reduced tidal volume delivery and hypoxia. c. inadequate ventilation and hypercarbia. d. lung tissue injury and gastric distention. - ANSWER d Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the: Select one: a. flow rate is set at 6 L/min. b. one-way valve is sealed. c. reservoir bag is fully inflated. d. patient has reduced tidal volume. - ANSWER c The MOST significant complication associated with orophaiyngeal suctioning is: Select one: a. oral abrasions from vigorous suctioning. b. hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts. c. vomiting from stimulating the anterior airway. d. clogging of the catheter with thick secretions. - ANSWER b The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______________ pounds per square inch (psi). Select one: a. 3,000 b. 500 c. 2,000 d. 1,000 - ANSWER c Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder? Select one: a. Ball-and-float flowmeter b. Pressure-compensated flowmeter c. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter d. Vertical-position flowmeter - ANSWER c With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to _______________ % inspired oxygen. Select one: a. 90 b. 70 c. 100 d. 80 - ANSWER a