Portage Microbiology Exam #6 Questions and Answers Already Passed

Portage Microbiology Exam #6 Questions and Answers Already Passed True or False: Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space, (much like the nucleus of a cell) viruses are classified as eukaryotic False. Viruses are neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic Describe the two basic components of a virus (short answer) A virus has 1. genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA and 2. a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell The _____ surrounds the capsid of some viruses Envelope The envelope surrounds the _____ of some viruses Capsid True or False: You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell False. The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not True or False: You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a bacterial cell False: Not all the viruses have envelopes Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest: orthomyxovirus, poliovirus, variolavirus Variolavirus>Orthomyxovirus>Poliovirus Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:Paramyxovirus, Poliovirus, Smallpox virus Smallpox>Paramyxovirus>Poliovirus True or False: Viral replication occurs after it attaches and enters the host cell True. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry True or False: Highly infectious viruses undergo genome replication prior to viral attachment and entry. False. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry regardless of its level of infectivity. Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of each step (short answer) Uncoating: the viral capsid disassembles Release: New virus particles are produced and leave the cell Replication: the viral genome is the 'blueprint' to make copies of itself Attachment: viral receptors bind to host proteins on the surface of the cell Entry: the virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell New Infection: newly produced viruses that left the host cell now go on to infect new cells A virus that infects bacteria is called a _____ and contains a _____ -side polygon capsid (fill in the blank) Bacteriophage; 20-sided True or False: Structurally bacteriophages are similar to viruses that infect animals False. Bacteriophages have a distinct composition and structure True or False. Structurally, bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells. True. Bacteriophages are structurally distinct from viruses that infect plant and animals cells. Identify the following components of a bacteriophage (picture) 1. Capsid 2. Collar 3. Tail 4. Base 5. Tail fibers Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages (short answer) Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temperate phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell Lytic phages replicate all viral proteins needed for the assembly of new virus particles whereas lysogenic phage genomes are integrated into the host genome but production of viral proteins is suppressed Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why? (cloudy) Low. As turbidity is a function of the number of intact bacterial cells present in the media, the amount of virus contained within the above tube must be low. As the lytic continues more and more bacterial cells will be destroyed, effectively clearing the media. Which of the following cannot be spread via airborne particles A. Measles B. Mumps C. Rubella D. A and B E. None of the above E. Measles, mumps and rubella can all be spread via airborne particles formed while coughing, sneezing, etc. True or False: A patient infected with Rubella is considered infectious one week before and after the appearance of the trademark rash True True or False. A patient infected with Rubella is only considered infectious when the trademark rash is visible. False. A patient infected with Rubella is infectious one week before and one week after the appearance of the rash. Which of the following diseases does a linear, double-stranded DNA virus cause? A. Measles B Mumps C. Rubella D. B and C E. None of the above E. Measles, mumps, and rubella are linear, single-stranded RNA virus What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated? (short answer) Smallpox By whom and where was the first Polio vaccine developed? Jonas Salk and his research team developed the polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1955 What diseases displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes/ovaries and pancreas? (short answer) Mumps. They will have primary swelling in the parotid in the neck but will also have swelling in the testes/ovaries and pancreas What disease is best characterized by painful swelling of the parotid? (short answer) Mumps. A patient infected with mumps (aka epidemic parotitis) has swelling in the parotid (salivary glands) located in the neck A patient diagnosed with German measles may additionally experience what disease? Select all that apply A. Impetigo B. Conjuctivitis C. Rheumatic fever D. Influenza-like symptoms B and D You go to visit a friend who has chickenpox. While visiting what are two things you will be sure to avoid so you don't also become infected? 1. You would want to be sure to keep a distance especially if your friend is coughing or sneezing as chickenpox can be transmitted through air- borne droplets (sneezing/coughs). 2. You would also have to be absolutely certain to avoid direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual True or False: Someone who had chicken pox as a child is likely to develop shingles while in college, where the median age of college students is 18-22 years old False. The most common age for shingles reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people greater than 60 years of age True or False: Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with Shingles can cover the entire body False. Unlike chickenpox blisters, which can form anywhere, the blisters