Acids, bases Chemistry notes

ACIDS AND BASES
Acids change blue litmus to red and Bases change red litmus to blue.

ACIDS:
1. Acids are sour in taste.
2. Acids are corrosive in nature. Example: sulphuric acid.
3. Acid is derived from the Latin word “acidus”.
Example of acids: lemon, vinegar, tomato etc.
Acids release one or more H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Example:
1. HCl  H+ + Cl-
2. H2So4 H+ + So4-2
3. H3Po4  H+ + Po4-3
Two types of acids:
Mineral acids – strong
Organic acids – weak

Acids react with metals –
2Na(s) + 2HCl (dilute)  2NaCl + H2
Acid + metal  salt + H2 [metal displaces hydrogen, since metals are basic in
nature]

Reaction of acids with metal oxides –
Acids react with metal oxides to form salt and water. Metal oxide also known
as basic oxide.
Example: Zno(s) + 2HCl (aq)  ZnCl (aq) + H2o
Acid + metal oxide  salt + water
Metal carbonate – Na+ x Co3-2  Na2Co3
Metal bi carbonate – Na2 x HCo3-1  NaHco3

Acids react with metal carbonate/ bicarbonate-