Notes: ABNORMAL PSYCH LECTURE 12
CLASS DISCUSSION
Abnormal Psychology
● Historical Understanding
○ Substance dependence
■ Tolerance
● Larger doses of the substance are needed to get the same
desired effect from the substance
■ Withdrawal
● The negative physical or psychological effect that the person can
experience when they stop taking this substance
○ Substance Abuse
■ It is considered to be less serious than substance dependence
■ Failure to fulfill major obligations
● Example
○ Going to work
■ Exposure to physical dangers
● Example
○ Drinking and driving
■ Legal problems
● Examples
○ Arrest for intoxication
○ Traffic violations
○ Unlawful behavior in the course of the substance use
■ Persistent social or interpersonal problems
● Example
○ Arguments with your spouse or parents about substance
use
● DSM-5 substance-related and addictive disorders
○ They eliminated the previous historical classifications of dependence versus
abuse
○ Its focus is on the severity
○ It is broken down into various types of substances
■ Examples
● Alcohol
● Caffeine
● Hallucinogens
○ Each of these substance class disorders has criteria sets for substance use
disorder
■ Substance intoxication
■ Substance withdrawal
■ Other substance/medication related disorders
○ Gambling as a disorder
■ Addictions now include this because it activates the same reward system
as substance behaviors
○ Caffeine
■ It is something a large proportion of people ingest regularly
■ It is one of the substances listed under the DSM-5 substance-related and
addictive disorders
○ Alcohol dependence
■ Alcohol use disorder in DSM-5
, Notes: ABNORMAL PSYCH LECTURE 12
● It is characterized by at least two of these ten symptoms
1. Taking large amounts over longer periods of time
2. Persistent desire to quit or reduce the amount they have
taken
3. A lot of time spent getting, drinking, or recovering from the
effects of alcohol
4. Craving alcohol
5. Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home, or
school
6. Continued alcohol use
7. Important social, occupational, and recreational activities
are given up or reduced because of alcohol use
8. Recurrent alcohol use in situations where it is physically
dangerous
9. Continued alcohol use despite being aware that it's
negatively impacting their life
10. Alcohol dependence may include tolerance or withdrawal
reactions
■ Delirium Tremens (DTs)
● It is a severe physiological withdrawal symptom from alcohol
● The person becomes delirious and tremulous
■ Polydrug/polysubstance use
● In addition to alcohol use, the person is using one more substance
● Synergistic
○ It means that when the substances are combined, they
have a greater effect
● The effect can come in the form of a fatal overdose
■ Prevalence
● Rates
○ Lifetime was 12.5%
○ 12 months was 3.8%
○ Hazardous drinking was evident among approximately
25% of men and 9% of women
■ It is higher among young white men
■ It is higher among college students
● Comorbid
○ It predicts high relapse rates
○ There is less initial treatment improvement
○ Mood and anxiety disorders
○ Other drug use
○ Schizophrenia
● Consumption
○ A study on 41 Canadian campuses in 2016
■ 68% of people had drunk alcohol in the past 30
days
● 34% engaged in binge drinking
○ 38% forgot where they were
○ 29% forgot what they were doing
○ 24% had unprotected sex
○ 18% got physically injured
○ Alcohol consumption in Canada
CLASS DISCUSSION
Abnormal Psychology
● Historical Understanding
○ Substance dependence
■ Tolerance
● Larger doses of the substance are needed to get the same
desired effect from the substance
■ Withdrawal
● The negative physical or psychological effect that the person can
experience when they stop taking this substance
○ Substance Abuse
■ It is considered to be less serious than substance dependence
■ Failure to fulfill major obligations
● Example
○ Going to work
■ Exposure to physical dangers
● Example
○ Drinking and driving
■ Legal problems
● Examples
○ Arrest for intoxication
○ Traffic violations
○ Unlawful behavior in the course of the substance use
■ Persistent social or interpersonal problems
● Example
○ Arguments with your spouse or parents about substance
use
● DSM-5 substance-related and addictive disorders
○ They eliminated the previous historical classifications of dependence versus
abuse
○ Its focus is on the severity
○ It is broken down into various types of substances
■ Examples
● Alcohol
● Caffeine
● Hallucinogens
○ Each of these substance class disorders has criteria sets for substance use
disorder
■ Substance intoxication
■ Substance withdrawal
■ Other substance/medication related disorders
○ Gambling as a disorder
■ Addictions now include this because it activates the same reward system
as substance behaviors
○ Caffeine
■ It is something a large proportion of people ingest regularly
■ It is one of the substances listed under the DSM-5 substance-related and
addictive disorders
○ Alcohol dependence
■ Alcohol use disorder in DSM-5
, Notes: ABNORMAL PSYCH LECTURE 12
● It is characterized by at least two of these ten symptoms
1. Taking large amounts over longer periods of time
2. Persistent desire to quit or reduce the amount they have
taken
3. A lot of time spent getting, drinking, or recovering from the
effects of alcohol
4. Craving alcohol
5. Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home, or
school
6. Continued alcohol use
7. Important social, occupational, and recreational activities
are given up or reduced because of alcohol use
8. Recurrent alcohol use in situations where it is physically
dangerous
9. Continued alcohol use despite being aware that it's
negatively impacting their life
10. Alcohol dependence may include tolerance or withdrawal
reactions
■ Delirium Tremens (DTs)
● It is a severe physiological withdrawal symptom from alcohol
● The person becomes delirious and tremulous
■ Polydrug/polysubstance use
● In addition to alcohol use, the person is using one more substance
● Synergistic
○ It means that when the substances are combined, they
have a greater effect
● The effect can come in the form of a fatal overdose
■ Prevalence
● Rates
○ Lifetime was 12.5%
○ 12 months was 3.8%
○ Hazardous drinking was evident among approximately
25% of men and 9% of women
■ It is higher among young white men
■ It is higher among college students
● Comorbid
○ It predicts high relapse rates
○ There is less initial treatment improvement
○ Mood and anxiety disorders
○ Other drug use
○ Schizophrenia
● Consumption
○ A study on 41 Canadian campuses in 2016
■ 68% of people had drunk alcohol in the past 30
days
● 34% engaged in binge drinking
○ 38% forgot where they were
○ 29% forgot what they were doing
○ 24% had unprotected sex
○ 18% got physically injured
○ Alcohol consumption in Canada
