Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. To say that psychological knowledge about women was androcentric is to say that it was
A. created by men.
B. anti-woman.
C. male-centered.
D. misogynistic.
2. In the mid-1800's in the U.S., a feminist movement emerged. It reached its peak with the ____________,
then lost momentum in the ____________.
A. Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848; 1920's after women won the vote
B. Rochester Declaration of 1862; the 1930's when women lost the ERA
C. Rochester Declaration of 1880; the 1920's after women won the vote
D. Seneca Falls Declaration of 1870; 1930's when women lost the ERA
3. In the late ‘60s/early ‘70s some psychologists lobbied the American Psychological Association to form
the _________________, which was officially approved in 1973.
A. Association for Women in Psychology (AWP)
B. Division of the Psychology of Women (Division 35)
C. Women's Studies Program (WSP)
D. None of the choices are correct.
4. Thanks to considerable progress in the recognition and support of diverse women in psychology, women
now earn _____ of the PhD's awarded in psychology, and ethnic minorities earn _____ the PhD's.
A. 67%; 19%
B. 76%; 20%
C. 43%; 32%
D. 50%; 25%
5. Until recently, men controlled institutions of knowledge, and if and when women attended university and
developed expertise, they still were
A. often denied legitimacy, the funds for large-scale research, or an actual degree.
B. only recognized as legitimate PhD's in the United States.
C. denied teaching positions.
D. All the choices are correct.
6. A feminist who emphasizes male control and domination of women is most likely a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
7. Feminism can be defined
A. as the belief that men do not understand women.
B. by the belief that sisterhood is more important than any other relationship.
C. most simply as a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression.
D. All the choices are correct.
8. Which of the following is NOT true of the womanism movement?
A. It began with criticism of the white women's movement.
B. It also is called "woman-of-color" feminism.
C. It fights racism and classism.
D. It emphasizes male control and domination of women throughout history.
,9. A person who believes that women and men should be treated equally, supports the means to achieve this,
and emphasizes the similarities between the sexes is a
A. cultural feminist.
B. liberal feminist.
C. radical feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
10. The liberal feminist perspective is less likely to emphasize the value of so-called feminine traits than
the
A. cultural feminist perspective.
B. womanist perspective.
C. radical feminist perspective.
D. global feminist perspective.
11. A feminist who focuses on the differences between women and men and who feels that "feminine"
characteristics should be recognized as valuable rather than be devalued is most likely a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
12. A feminist who recognizes women as valuable and who believes that social changes need to occur to
benefit women is a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
13. Which of the following is NOT an important concept of ALL the feminist perspectives?
A. Women are of high value.
B. Social change is needed if women are to lead secure and satisfying lives.
C. Women must live separately from men and create their own culture.
D. Women's concerns are worthy topics of research and analysis.
14. A feminist who focuses on how prejudice and discrimination against women are related to global
capitalism and neocolonialism is a
A. radical feminist.
B. liberal feminist.
C. global feminist.
D. cultural feminist.
15. A feminist who focuses on concerns like sweatshop labor conditions, unequal access to healthcare and
education, and forced prostitution is a
A. global feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. cultural feminist.
D. liberal feminist.
16. Though Western society does not pressure women to undergo genital cutting or require them to veil their
faces and bodies in public, Western society still restricts women's bodily freedom and integrity through
practices like
A. sexual harassment in public places.
B. pressure to seek the perfect body through dieting.
C. encouraging women to undergo cosmetic surgery.
D. All the choices are correct.
,17. Conservatism bases its belief of traditional roles for women on
A. biology.
B. social context.
C. religion.
D. biology and religion
18. Which of the following justifies its view of women on the grounds of biology and religion?
A. womanism
B. pro-feminism
C. conservatism
D. androcentrism
19. Can men be feminists?
A. No; feminism is, by definition, a movement exclusively for women by women.
B. No; men cannot understand and appreciate women's struggles.
C. Yes; men can value women and work to reduce sexism and sex discrimination.
D. Yes, but only in that they can support women who are working to end sexism and sexist oppression.
20. Biases in research can enter the process
A. at the question formulation stage.
B. when researchers choose or create biased measures.
C. when a comparison group is chosen.
D. All the choices are correct.
21. Biases in the choice of research participants often include
A. relying on college student samples.
B. biases of age, social class, and developmental stage.
C. a tendency to study males and male issues more often than females and female issues.
D. All the choices are correct.
22. The proportion of male-only studies has _________ since the 1970s
A. increased
B. decreased
C. stayed the same
D. alternately increased and decreased
23. An example of a subtle sex bias in research would be
A. the failure of psychological journals to report the gender of participants.
B emphasizing that research on all-female samples cannot be generalized to men, but failing to do the
. same thing when all-male samples are used.
C. treating all-female samples as if they have limitations all-male samples do not.
D. All the choices are correct.
24. Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce except when
A. the results also are applicable to majority culture.
B. the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture.
C. they are seen as creating social problems like teen pregnancy and crime.
D. the purpose of the research is to demonstrate majority culture superiority.
25. During the design stage of the research process all the following are done EXCEPT
A. selection of method.
B. choice of research participants.
C. collection of data.
D. choice of comparison group.
, 26. Which of the following would be an example of sexist bias in the research process?
A. Research emphasizes whether mothers' employment harms their children rather than whether it
benefits them.
B. An instrument used to study menstrual-related issues is named the "menstrual distress inventory."
C. Gender-related differences are more likely to be discussed and published than gender-related
similarities.
D. All the choices are correct.
27. According to the textbook, because many topics are gender-linked in researchers' minds, so-called male
topics are
A. decreasing in number.
B. preferred by researchers because women rarely "show interest" in empirical research.
C. considered more important than findings on females.
D. All the choices are correct.
28. One example of androcentrism would be
A. women being studied more than men.
B. generalizing findings about men being to all people.
C. findings about gender being seen as more important than findings about either sex separately.
D. white people being studied more than people of color.
29. When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having
a/an ________ sample, but little explanation is given for a/an _________ sample.
A. all-male; all-female
B. mixed-sex; all-male
C. all-white; all-black
D. all-female; all-male
30. Research on people from ethnic minorities
A. is scarce except in areas where minorities are seen as creating a social problem.
B. is less important because it does not reflect mainstream culture.
C. has greatly increased in the past 20 years.
D. All the choices are correct.
31. Research documenting ___________ is often overlooked, while research documenting ___________ is
sought and publicized.
A. gender differences; gender similarities
B. gender similarities; gender differences
C. masculinity; femininity
D. femininity; masculinity
32. Although experimentation is the most respected paradigm for psychological research, it may not always
be ideal for research on gender because
A. controlling for volunteer bias is particularly difficult in gender-related research.
B. interviews may yield more accurate results.
C. the researcher creates an artificial environment in which to manipulate participants' experiences.
D. people do not always follow directions given by the experimenter.
33. Although psychologists like to do experiments because they can show causation,
A. interviews tend to yield more accurate results.
B. case study methods may be more useful to researchers overall.
C. few female researchers have been trained in the experimental method.
D. behavior in a laboratory may not be representative of behavior in other situations.
34. To be a feminist researcher, one must be
A. a woman.
B. a person of either sex who approaches research with a feminist perspective.
C. a liberal feminist.
D. an experimentalist.
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. To say that psychological knowledge about women was androcentric is to say that it was
A. created by men.
B. anti-woman.
C. male-centered.
D. misogynistic.
2. In the mid-1800's in the U.S., a feminist movement emerged. It reached its peak with the ____________,
then lost momentum in the ____________.
A. Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848; 1920's after women won the vote
B. Rochester Declaration of 1862; the 1930's when women lost the ERA
C. Rochester Declaration of 1880; the 1920's after women won the vote
D. Seneca Falls Declaration of 1870; 1930's when women lost the ERA
3. In the late ‘60s/early ‘70s some psychologists lobbied the American Psychological Association to form
the _________________, which was officially approved in 1973.
A. Association for Women in Psychology (AWP)
B. Division of the Psychology of Women (Division 35)
C. Women's Studies Program (WSP)
D. None of the choices are correct.
4. Thanks to considerable progress in the recognition and support of diverse women in psychology, women
now earn _____ of the PhD's awarded in psychology, and ethnic minorities earn _____ the PhD's.
A. 67%; 19%
B. 76%; 20%
C. 43%; 32%
D. 50%; 25%
5. Until recently, men controlled institutions of knowledge, and if and when women attended university and
developed expertise, they still were
A. often denied legitimacy, the funds for large-scale research, or an actual degree.
B. only recognized as legitimate PhD's in the United States.
C. denied teaching positions.
D. All the choices are correct.
6. A feminist who emphasizes male control and domination of women is most likely a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
7. Feminism can be defined
A. as the belief that men do not understand women.
B. by the belief that sisterhood is more important than any other relationship.
C. most simply as a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression.
D. All the choices are correct.
8. Which of the following is NOT true of the womanism movement?
A. It began with criticism of the white women's movement.
B. It also is called "woman-of-color" feminism.
C. It fights racism and classism.
D. It emphasizes male control and domination of women throughout history.
,9. A person who believes that women and men should be treated equally, supports the means to achieve this,
and emphasizes the similarities between the sexes is a
A. cultural feminist.
B. liberal feminist.
C. radical feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
10. The liberal feminist perspective is less likely to emphasize the value of so-called feminine traits than
the
A. cultural feminist perspective.
B. womanist perspective.
C. radical feminist perspective.
D. global feminist perspective.
11. A feminist who focuses on the differences between women and men and who feels that "feminine"
characteristics should be recognized as valuable rather than be devalued is most likely a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
12. A feminist who recognizes women as valuable and who believes that social changes need to occur to
benefit women is a
A. cultural feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. liberal feminist.
D. Any of the choices are correct.
13. Which of the following is NOT an important concept of ALL the feminist perspectives?
A. Women are of high value.
B. Social change is needed if women are to lead secure and satisfying lives.
C. Women must live separately from men and create their own culture.
D. Women's concerns are worthy topics of research and analysis.
14. A feminist who focuses on how prejudice and discrimination against women are related to global
capitalism and neocolonialism is a
A. radical feminist.
B. liberal feminist.
C. global feminist.
D. cultural feminist.
15. A feminist who focuses on concerns like sweatshop labor conditions, unequal access to healthcare and
education, and forced prostitution is a
A. global feminist.
B. radical feminist.
C. cultural feminist.
D. liberal feminist.
16. Though Western society does not pressure women to undergo genital cutting or require them to veil their
faces and bodies in public, Western society still restricts women's bodily freedom and integrity through
practices like
A. sexual harassment in public places.
B. pressure to seek the perfect body through dieting.
C. encouraging women to undergo cosmetic surgery.
D. All the choices are correct.
,17. Conservatism bases its belief of traditional roles for women on
A. biology.
B. social context.
C. religion.
D. biology and religion
18. Which of the following justifies its view of women on the grounds of biology and religion?
A. womanism
B. pro-feminism
C. conservatism
D. androcentrism
19. Can men be feminists?
A. No; feminism is, by definition, a movement exclusively for women by women.
B. No; men cannot understand and appreciate women's struggles.
C. Yes; men can value women and work to reduce sexism and sex discrimination.
D. Yes, but only in that they can support women who are working to end sexism and sexist oppression.
20. Biases in research can enter the process
A. at the question formulation stage.
B. when researchers choose or create biased measures.
C. when a comparison group is chosen.
D. All the choices are correct.
21. Biases in the choice of research participants often include
A. relying on college student samples.
B. biases of age, social class, and developmental stage.
C. a tendency to study males and male issues more often than females and female issues.
D. All the choices are correct.
22. The proportion of male-only studies has _________ since the 1970s
A. increased
B. decreased
C. stayed the same
D. alternately increased and decreased
23. An example of a subtle sex bias in research would be
A. the failure of psychological journals to report the gender of participants.
B emphasizing that research on all-female samples cannot be generalized to men, but failing to do the
. same thing when all-male samples are used.
C. treating all-female samples as if they have limitations all-male samples do not.
D. All the choices are correct.
24. Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce except when
A. the results also are applicable to majority culture.
B. the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture.
C. they are seen as creating social problems like teen pregnancy and crime.
D. the purpose of the research is to demonstrate majority culture superiority.
25. During the design stage of the research process all the following are done EXCEPT
A. selection of method.
B. choice of research participants.
C. collection of data.
D. choice of comparison group.
, 26. Which of the following would be an example of sexist bias in the research process?
A. Research emphasizes whether mothers' employment harms their children rather than whether it
benefits them.
B. An instrument used to study menstrual-related issues is named the "menstrual distress inventory."
C. Gender-related differences are more likely to be discussed and published than gender-related
similarities.
D. All the choices are correct.
27. According to the textbook, because many topics are gender-linked in researchers' minds, so-called male
topics are
A. decreasing in number.
B. preferred by researchers because women rarely "show interest" in empirical research.
C. considered more important than findings on females.
D. All the choices are correct.
28. One example of androcentrism would be
A. women being studied more than men.
B. generalizing findings about men being to all people.
C. findings about gender being seen as more important than findings about either sex separately.
D. white people being studied more than people of color.
29. When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having
a/an ________ sample, but little explanation is given for a/an _________ sample.
A. all-male; all-female
B. mixed-sex; all-male
C. all-white; all-black
D. all-female; all-male
30. Research on people from ethnic minorities
A. is scarce except in areas where minorities are seen as creating a social problem.
B. is less important because it does not reflect mainstream culture.
C. has greatly increased in the past 20 years.
D. All the choices are correct.
31. Research documenting ___________ is often overlooked, while research documenting ___________ is
sought and publicized.
A. gender differences; gender similarities
B. gender similarities; gender differences
C. masculinity; femininity
D. femininity; masculinity
32. Although experimentation is the most respected paradigm for psychological research, it may not always
be ideal for research on gender because
A. controlling for volunteer bias is particularly difficult in gender-related research.
B. interviews may yield more accurate results.
C. the researcher creates an artificial environment in which to manipulate participants' experiences.
D. people do not always follow directions given by the experimenter.
33. Although psychologists like to do experiments because they can show causation,
A. interviews tend to yield more accurate results.
B. case study methods may be more useful to researchers overall.
C. few female researchers have been trained in the experimental method.
D. behavior in a laboratory may not be representative of behavior in other situations.
34. To be a feminist researcher, one must be
A. a woman.
B. a person of either sex who approaches research with a feminist perspective.
C. a liberal feminist.
D. an experimentalist.
