HESI Exit Exam 2021, Exit HESI Exam 2021.

spontaneous breaths will be shallow and machine-assisted breaths will be deep, it is important to record machine-assisted breaths as well as the client's spontaneous breaths to get an overall respiratory picture of the client.3.Six hours following thoracic surgery, a client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) findings: pH, 7.50; PaCO2, 30 mm Hg; HCO3, 25 mEq/L; PaO2, 96 mm Hg. Which intervention should the nurse implement based on these results?A.Increase the oxygen flowrate from 4 to 10 L/min per nasal cannula.B.Assess the client for pain and administer pain medication as prescribed.C.Encourage the client to take short shallow breaths for 5 minutes.D.Prepare to administer sodium bicarbonate IV over 30 minutes.Rationale:These ABGs reveal respiratory alkalosis, and treatment depends on the underlying cause. Because the client is only 6 hours postoperative, he or she should be assessed for pain because treating the pain will correct the underlying problem. A PaO2of 96 mm Hg does not indicate the need for an increase in oxygen administration. The PaCO2indicates mild hyperventilation, so option C is not indicated. In addition, it is very difficult to change one's breathing pattern. The use of sodium bicarbonate is indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis.4.A 77-year-old female client states that she has never been so large around the waist and that she has frequent periods of constipation. Colon disease has been ruled out with a flexible sigmoidoscopy. Which information should the nurse provide to this client? A.As women age, they often become rounder in the middle because they do not exercise properly.B.Further assessment is indicated because loss of abdominalmuscle tone and constipation do not occur with aging.