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Samenvatting practicum basisobservaties cytologie, histologie en anatomie

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Samenvatting practicum basisobservaties cytologie, histologie en anatomie

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PRACTICUM CYTOLOGIE, HISTOLOGIE EN ANATOMIE: 1e Bachelor
Farmaceutische Wetenschappen 2020 - 2021


HOOFDSTUK I: CYTOLOGIE
1. Inleiding ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
2. Cellen van het wangepitheel …………………………………………………………………………………………………2
3. Cellen van het bloed ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2


HOOFDSTUK II: HISTOLOGIE
1. Inleiding ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
2. Epithelia ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
3. Bindweefsel …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
4. Spierweefsel ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10
5. Zenuwweefsel …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11


HOOFDSTUK III: ANATOMIE




1

, HOOFDSTUK I: CYTOLOGIE

1. Inleiding
- Celtheorie

- Eukaryote cellen < kern met kernenvelop errond die DNA afschermt van cytoplasma.
nuceolus in kern, celbegrenzing door celmembraan (plasmamembraan).

2. Cellen van het wangepitheel

Studie uitstrijkje wangepitheel van de mens:
▪ Binnenkant afgeschermd door meerlagig plavei-epitheel dat constant vernieuwd wordt <
basale laag.
▪ Niet verhoornd: opp. cellen bevatten kern.
▪ Witte bloedcellen (leukocyten) en bacteriën.
▪ Celkern = basofiel: kleurt blauw met H&E methode (hematoxyline)
▪ Cytoplasma = acidofiel: kleurt roze met eosine.


3. Cellen van het bloed
Studie uitstrijkpreparaat van het menselijk bloed:

▪ Bloedcellen = bloedlichaampjes in het bloedplasma.
 3 soorten bloedcellen.

3.1. Rode bloedcellen = erytrocyten
= Kleine, kernloze, biconcave (ingedeukt aan beide zijden) schijfjes met glad opp.

→ Rel. groot opp. = efficiënt voor gasuitwisseling
→ Grote buigzaamheid: vormverandering bij druk
< Erytroblasten = voorlopercellen in beenmerg. Gedifferentieerde RBC: Hb + enzymen.

3.2. Witte bloedcellen = leukocyten
= Gekernde cellen: enkel in bloedbaan (transportmiddel).

→ Groter dan RBC.
→ Ong. afgeronde vorm in bloed: vaak zwerfcellen in weefsels.
→ Actieve amoeboïde voortbeweging < pseudopodiën  dringen door wand kleine bloedvaten:
diapedese (lokale ontstekingsreacties).
→ Bescherming weefsels tegen binnengedrongen vreemde lichamen: groot fagocytair vermogen.


3.2.1. Granulocyten

= Polymorfonucleairen/polymorfen: bezitten veellobbige kern.
→ 2 soorten granula: primaire (lysosomen) en specifieke = secundaire granula ~ soort.
~ Affiniteit bep. kleurstof van spec. granula: neutrofiele, eosinofiele en basofiele granulocyten.



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