Inheritance
The Genome:
- The entire DNA of an organism
- A gene is a short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for
specific protein
Chromosomes:
- Located in the nucleus of cells
- Consists of genes strong together with associated proteins
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid):
- Made up of two strands, each comprises a string of nucleotides which
are monomers
- The sugar of one nucleotide, bonds with a phosphate of another
nucleotide, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone with a nitrogenous
base sticking out
- The two strands are held together by two different base pairs, with four
different bases:
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
- The bases always pair up with the same way:
Adenine Thymine (A+T)
Cytosine Guanine (C+G)
RNA:
- Function: To transfer the code for protein found in DNA out of the
nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm which makes
the proteins
, DNA Vs RNA:
DNA RNA
Double Stranded Single Stranded
Has the base Thymine (T) Has the base Uracil (U)
Contains the sugar deoxyribose Contains the sugar ribose
Alleles:
- Alleles are basically different versions of the same gene
- For example, the gene for eye color can have the alleles blue or brown
in it
- Humans get 2 copies of every gene, one from each parent
- Each variation of a gene is called an allele
- Alleles create diversity
Keywords:
- Genotype: The combination of alleles an individual has e.g., Aa or bb
- Phenotype: The physical characteristics that are observed in the
individual e.g., eye color
- Homozygous: When both inherited alleles are the same (2 dominant
and 2 recessive alleles)
- Heterozygous: When one of the inherited alleles is dominant and the
other is recessive
- Dominant Allele: Only one allele is needed for this characteristic to be
expressed. ALWAYS EXPRESSED
- Recessive Allele: Two alleles are needed for it to be expressed. NOT
ALWAYS EXPRESSED
- Codominance: Two alleles that are equally as dominant as the other
An Individual Can be:
- Homozygous Dominant: Meaning both alleles would be dominant. E.g.,
BB
- Homozygous Recessive: Meaning both alleles would be recessive. E.g.,
bb
- Heterozygous: Meaning they would have one of each allele. E.g., Bb
The Genome:
- The entire DNA of an organism
- A gene is a short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for
specific protein
Chromosomes:
- Located in the nucleus of cells
- Consists of genes strong together with associated proteins
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid):
- Made up of two strands, each comprises a string of nucleotides which
are monomers
- The sugar of one nucleotide, bonds with a phosphate of another
nucleotide, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone with a nitrogenous
base sticking out
- The two strands are held together by two different base pairs, with four
different bases:
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
- The bases always pair up with the same way:
Adenine Thymine (A+T)
Cytosine Guanine (C+G)
RNA:
- Function: To transfer the code for protein found in DNA out of the
nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm which makes
the proteins
, DNA Vs RNA:
DNA RNA
Double Stranded Single Stranded
Has the base Thymine (T) Has the base Uracil (U)
Contains the sugar deoxyribose Contains the sugar ribose
Alleles:
- Alleles are basically different versions of the same gene
- For example, the gene for eye color can have the alleles blue or brown
in it
- Humans get 2 copies of every gene, one from each parent
- Each variation of a gene is called an allele
- Alleles create diversity
Keywords:
- Genotype: The combination of alleles an individual has e.g., Aa or bb
- Phenotype: The physical characteristics that are observed in the
individual e.g., eye color
- Homozygous: When both inherited alleles are the same (2 dominant
and 2 recessive alleles)
- Heterozygous: When one of the inherited alleles is dominant and the
other is recessive
- Dominant Allele: Only one allele is needed for this characteristic to be
expressed. ALWAYS EXPRESSED
- Recessive Allele: Two alleles are needed for it to be expressed. NOT
ALWAYS EXPRESSED
- Codominance: Two alleles that are equally as dominant as the other
An Individual Can be:
- Homozygous Dominant: Meaning both alleles would be dominant. E.g.,
BB
- Homozygous Recessive: Meaning both alleles would be recessive. E.g.,
bb
- Heterozygous: Meaning they would have one of each allele. E.g., Bb
