NURS 5334 / NURS5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE. QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.

Raloxifene-SERM Structurally like estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors Adverse effects • Thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, stroke, and fetal harm Teriparatide —form of PTH; increases bone formation Indications: osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, treatment of osteoporosis in men, treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Denosumab —receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, men at high risk for fractures, bone loss in women and men receiving certain anti-cancer therapies, and prevention of skeletal-related events in pts with bone metastasis from solid tumors Cinacalcet Calcimimetic drug Approved for primary hyperparathyroidism and secondary hyperparathyroidism (caused by CKD) Increases the sensitivity of calcium-sensing receptors to activation by extracellular calcium Suppresses PTH secretion Adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypocalcemia Drugs/Hypercalcemia What are drugs used to treat hypercalcemia?  Furosemide  Glucocorticoids  Gallium nitrate  Bisphosphonates  Inorganic phosphates  Edetate disodium Treating osteoporosis o BMD values 2.5 SD or greater below the mean define osteoporosis o Treating osteoporosis in women • Agents that decrease bone resorption: estrogen, raloxifene, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab; sufficient calcium and vit D are important • Agent that promotes bone formation: Teriparatide (Forteo) • Agents that reduce fractures: terparatide, denosumab, zoledronate Five drugs have been approved for osteoporosis treatment in men:  Alendronate (Fosamax)  Risedronate (Actonel)  Zoledronate (Reclast)  Teriparatide (Forteo)  Denosumab (Prolia)