ICT Theory Revision Notes
Chapter 1:
Hardware: Physical Software: Programs
components that make that control the
up a computer. computer system.
Application: Allow users
Internal: Internal External:External to do specific tasks. System: Allow
components: components: Hardware to Function.
Eg: Word, Spreadsheet,
Motherboard, RAM, Keyboard, mouse, Database, Photo editing Complier, Linker, Device
ROM, HDD/SDD, Video Scanner, Web cam, and video editing driver, OS, Utilities.
& sound card. Mic,Acutator, Printer. software’s.
SSD:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Faster Data Access Time. 1. Expensive.
2. Faster Data Transfer Time. 2. Offers less storage compared to HDD.
3. Lightweight – Portable.
4. Less Power Consumption.
HDD:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Cheap. 1. Slow Data Access Time.
2. Offers more storage. 2. Slow Data Transfer Time.
3. Heavier than SDD.
4. More power consumption.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): Part of the computer that interprets and executes
commands from the computer hardware & software.
Operating Systems (OS): Systems that that enable computer system to work and allow user
communication with the computer.
Functions:
1. Controls input, output & storage devices.
2. Deals with errors in computer system.
3. Maintains security of computer.
4. Allowing user communication with computer.
, User interface: Used By: Advantages: Disadvantages:
GUI (Graphical Gamer, - User friendly. - User is not in direct
User Interface) Photo editor, - No need to learn commands. communication.
Web surfer. - Time saving. - Restricted to a number of
options.
- Uses a lot of memory.
- Need’s an OS.
CLI (Command Programmer, - User is in direct communication. - Not User friendly.
Line Interface) Analyst, - Not restricted to a number of options. - Need to learn accurate
Technician. - Uses less memory. commands.
- Doesn’t need an OS. - Takes too much time.
Emerging Technologies:
AI Biometrics (Artificial Intelligence):
It is a technology that transforms biometrics into a readable code making it easier for the computer
to understand.
E.g.: Fingerprint, Voice recognition, Facial recognition, Iris recognition, etc.
3D & Holographic Imaging:
A technology that allows 3-D images to be produced using lights.
Used: Engineering designs, Architecture, Simulations, Medical Imaging, Gaming etc.
VR (Virtual reality):
A technology that produces an artificial environment using goggles, sensors, lights, etc.
Used: Military, Education, Advertising, Gaming, Property real estate, etc.
Robotics:
A technology that uses machines to perform tasks done by humans.
Used: Military (Drones), Medical, Industries, Factories, etc.
, Types of computers:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
PC/Desktop: 1.Large storage capacity. 1. Not portable.
2.Easy to Upgrade. 2. Takes up desk space.
3.Easy to Repair. 3. Needs separate Hardware.
4.Big Monitors. 4. Trailing wires.
5.Faster processing speed.
Laptop: 1. Portable. 1.Easier to get stolen.
2. No trailing wires. 2.Limmited Battery life.
3. All in one Hardware. 3.Keyboard and mouse is slow.
Tablets: 1.Poratble. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Fast to Switch on. 2.Limited memory.
3.Longer battery life. 3. Slow and error prone typing.
4. Don’t generate heat. 4. Doesn’t support many file formats.
Smart Phones: 1.Poratble. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Longer battery life. 2.Limited memory.
3. Fast to switch on. 3. Slow – error prone typing.
4. Can make phone calls. 4. Small screen.
Smart Watches: 1.Portable. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Easy to measure fitness. 2.Small in size – not readable.
3. Custom strap designs. 3.Cannot run heavy computer apps.
Mainframe Computers: 1.Fast processor speeds. 1.Expensive.
2.Large storage capacity. 2.Not user friendly.
3.Supports multiple OS’s. 3. Needs a lot of air-conditioned space.
Types of Computers ADV & DI-ADV Series:
Most Common:
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
Portable. Get Stolen/Lost
Large Storage. Limited Storage.
Longer Battery Life. Shorter Battery Life.
Faster Processing Speed. Slower Processing Speed.
Small = Less Space Needed. Small = Small Screen/Keyboard causing typing errors.
Big – Screen/Keyboard. Big – More space Needed.
Least Common:
Chapter 1:
Hardware: Physical Software: Programs
components that make that control the
up a computer. computer system.
Application: Allow users
Internal: Internal External:External to do specific tasks. System: Allow
components: components: Hardware to Function.
Eg: Word, Spreadsheet,
Motherboard, RAM, Keyboard, mouse, Database, Photo editing Complier, Linker, Device
ROM, HDD/SDD, Video Scanner, Web cam, and video editing driver, OS, Utilities.
& sound card. Mic,Acutator, Printer. software’s.
SSD:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Faster Data Access Time. 1. Expensive.
2. Faster Data Transfer Time. 2. Offers less storage compared to HDD.
3. Lightweight – Portable.
4. Less Power Consumption.
HDD:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Cheap. 1. Slow Data Access Time.
2. Offers more storage. 2. Slow Data Transfer Time.
3. Heavier than SDD.
4. More power consumption.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): Part of the computer that interprets and executes
commands from the computer hardware & software.
Operating Systems (OS): Systems that that enable computer system to work and allow user
communication with the computer.
Functions:
1. Controls input, output & storage devices.
2. Deals with errors in computer system.
3. Maintains security of computer.
4. Allowing user communication with computer.
, User interface: Used By: Advantages: Disadvantages:
GUI (Graphical Gamer, - User friendly. - User is not in direct
User Interface) Photo editor, - No need to learn commands. communication.
Web surfer. - Time saving. - Restricted to a number of
options.
- Uses a lot of memory.
- Need’s an OS.
CLI (Command Programmer, - User is in direct communication. - Not User friendly.
Line Interface) Analyst, - Not restricted to a number of options. - Need to learn accurate
Technician. - Uses less memory. commands.
- Doesn’t need an OS. - Takes too much time.
Emerging Technologies:
AI Biometrics (Artificial Intelligence):
It is a technology that transforms biometrics into a readable code making it easier for the computer
to understand.
E.g.: Fingerprint, Voice recognition, Facial recognition, Iris recognition, etc.
3D & Holographic Imaging:
A technology that allows 3-D images to be produced using lights.
Used: Engineering designs, Architecture, Simulations, Medical Imaging, Gaming etc.
VR (Virtual reality):
A technology that produces an artificial environment using goggles, sensors, lights, etc.
Used: Military, Education, Advertising, Gaming, Property real estate, etc.
Robotics:
A technology that uses machines to perform tasks done by humans.
Used: Military (Drones), Medical, Industries, Factories, etc.
, Types of computers:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
PC/Desktop: 1.Large storage capacity. 1. Not portable.
2.Easy to Upgrade. 2. Takes up desk space.
3.Easy to Repair. 3. Needs separate Hardware.
4.Big Monitors. 4. Trailing wires.
5.Faster processing speed.
Laptop: 1. Portable. 1.Easier to get stolen.
2. No trailing wires. 2.Limmited Battery life.
3. All in one Hardware. 3.Keyboard and mouse is slow.
Tablets: 1.Poratble. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Fast to Switch on. 2.Limited memory.
3.Longer battery life. 3. Slow and error prone typing.
4. Don’t generate heat. 4. Doesn’t support many file formats.
Smart Phones: 1.Poratble. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Longer battery life. 2.Limited memory.
3. Fast to switch on. 3. Slow – error prone typing.
4. Can make phone calls. 4. Small screen.
Smart Watches: 1.Portable. 1. Easy to loose/get stolen.
2.Easy to measure fitness. 2.Small in size – not readable.
3. Custom strap designs. 3.Cannot run heavy computer apps.
Mainframe Computers: 1.Fast processor speeds. 1.Expensive.
2.Large storage capacity. 2.Not user friendly.
3.Supports multiple OS’s. 3. Needs a lot of air-conditioned space.
Types of Computers ADV & DI-ADV Series:
Most Common:
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
Portable. Get Stolen/Lost
Large Storage. Limited Storage.
Longer Battery Life. Shorter Battery Life.
Faster Processing Speed. Slower Processing Speed.
Small = Less Space Needed. Small = Small Screen/Keyboard causing typing errors.
Big – Screen/Keyboard. Big – More space Needed.
Least Common:
