HESI: Pediatrics EXAM 2022 REAL A GRADED

HESI: Pediatrics EXAM 2022 REAL A GRADED What is considered bradycardia in an infant? - CORRECT ANSWERHeart rate less than 90-110 An infant with CHF taking digoxin has a heart rate of 80bpm, what does this indicate? - CORRECT ANSWERPossible digoxin toxicity Fever due to immunizations may occur. What is contraindicated in this situation? - CORRECT ANSWERAspirin is contraindicated in children d/t risk for Reye's syndrome What is the therapeutic level of theophylline? - CORRECT ANSWERTherapeutic level: 10-20 mcg/dL How long should the Milwaukee brace for scoliosis should be worn? - CORRECT ANSWER23 hours a day, only remove for 1 hour for bathing How is varicella spread? - CORRECT ANSWERDirect or indirect contact of saliva or vesicles. Put on strict isolation to prevent exposure to others. When is varicella most communicable? - CORRECT ANSWER2 days before the rash appears until all lesions are crusted What are the most common presenting symptoms of leukemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bone pain r/t leukemic cells invading periosteum -Pallor r/t anemia What are some characteristics of spastic cerebral palsy in an infant? - CORRECT ANSWER-Legs crossing -Stiffness when pulled to a sitting position -Difficulty with fine motor skills What as an infant at risk for when in celiac crisis? - CORRECT ANSWERRisk for fluid volume deficit d/t severe diarrhea--assess for dehydration (mucous membranes and skin turgor) What behavior is common in a 4 year old? - CORRECT ANSWERAggressive behavior is common, they enjoy telling stories. What initial symptom is common for a newborn to exhibit with positive HIV? - CORRECT ANSWERPersistent cold--respiratory tract infections are common, less ability to defend body Why must the heart rate be monitored during an NG tube insertion for a 3-month old? - CORRECT ANSWERHR may decrease because of vagal nerve stimulation How to determine calorie requirement for an infant? - CORRECT ANSWER108 cals/kg/day Common risk factor for a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip? - CORRECT ANSWERInfant in breech position What is often done prior to any invasive procedure for children with valvular damage? - CORRECT ANSWERProphylactic antibiotics What is priority nursing intervention for a child with polycythemia? - CORRECT ANSWERMaintain adequate fluid hydration. What part of the child's body is bigger compared to an adults? - CORRECT ANSWERHead and neck What is the most common cause of acquired aplastic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERExposure to certain drugs At what age is the infant able to lift and control its head? - CORRECT ANSWER3-4 months What is the proper way to administer eardrops to a child? - CORRECT ANSWERPulled down and back Earliest sign of hydrocephalus in an infant? - CORRECT ANSWERIrritability and poor feeding In children, what is always the initial sign of respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWERRestlessness r/t decreasing amts of circulating oxygen A patient with laryngotracheobronchitis cannot speak anymore. What may this indicate? - CORRECT ANSWERThe condition is worsening--impending airway obstruction. Risk for respiratory arrest secondary to edema and inflammation. What breath sound is common with laryngotracheobronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWERInspiratory stridor Asthma discharge education - CORRECT ANSWER-Exercise daily -Remove allergens from sleeping room -See provider for eval every 3-6 months Best way to prevent aspiration - CORRECT ANSWERSide-lying position Most reliable diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERQuantitative sweat test--pilocarpine iontophoresis. When should the nurse withhold chest PT? - CORRECT ANSWEREx. when the child is having acute bronchoconstriction/airway edema--lossening mucus plugs could cause airway obstruction What heart defect can result from rheumatic fever in children? - CORRECT ANSWERAortic stenosis What cardiac anomaly produces a left-to-right shunt? - CORRECT ANSWERAtrial septal defect--pressure is greater on the left side of the heart What causes sinus tachycardia in a child? - CORRECT ANSWERFever When may the ductus close in patent ductus arteriosus? - CORRECT ANSWER6 weeks What is the relationship of blood pressure and coarctation of the aorta? - CORRECT ANSWERUpper extremities will have a higher blood pressure A child projectile vomits--what would the nurse suspect? - CORRECT ANSWERPyloric stenosis What comment may suggest nephrotic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER"Her clothes are fitting tighter and she has put on more weight than usual."--edema/wt gain What should the urine look like after a toddler gets a procedure done to correct hypospadias? - CORRECT ANSWERClear yellow appearance Nursing interventions for acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) - CORRECT ANSWER-Monitor for acute hypertension -Daily weights w/ strict input and output -Admin of diuretics as ordered 90-90 traction purpose - CORRECT ANSWERAssist in reducing the fracture What type of brace is used for treatment of scoliosis? - CORRECT ANSWERBoston or Wilmington braces What information should be provided about sunscreen and infants? - CORRECT ANSWERSunscreen should not be applied to infants younger than 6 months Discharge instructions for impetigo - CORRECT ANSWER-Gently wash lesions to remove crusting twice a day -Stop the antibiotics as soon as the crusting disappears -Apply antibiotic cream twice a day Tinea pedis - CORRECT ANSWERSuperficial fungal infection on the feet---athelete's foot.