Advanced Patho exam 3 practice Questions And Answers

Advanced Patho exam 3 practice Questions And Answers Myocardial contraction is highly dependent upon the intracellular concentration of which ion? - Answer- Calcium Myocardial contraction is highly dependent upon the intracellular concentration of calcium. The greater the amount of intracellular calcium, the greater the contraction A 74-year-old female presents to the emergency department after having a syncopal episode. On examination the patient is noted to have a systolic murmur at the second intercostal space, right of the sternal border which radiates to the neck. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the syncope? - Answer- Aortic Stenosis Aortic stenosis is more common in females and the elderly. An aortic stenosis causes a decrease in cerebral perfusion which may result in syncope. What are the clinical manifestations of Mitral Regurgitation? - Answer- Systolic murmurs which radiate to the axilla originate from the mitral valve. A valve which has regurgitation allows some blood to flow back through the valve during the cardiac cycle. At which age, after birth, is pulmonary resistance equal to that of an adult? - Answer8 weeks Which patient is at the most risk for developing heart failure? - Answer- A 45-yearold male with a history of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, and CAD. An 84-year-old female patient with a history of severe aortic stenosis is going to surgery tomorrow for a repair of a right hip fracture. Which of the following complications is the patient most likely to have post-operatively? - AnswerPulmonary edema Aortic Stenosis - Answer- Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve. Blood from the left ventricle passes through the aortic valve into the aorta to perfuse the body. The more severe the narrowing of the aortic valve, the less blood moves through the valve to perfuse the body. As a result blood backs up in the left ventricle and over time causes left ventricular hypertrophy. The backup of blood will also eventually cause left atrial hypertrophy, left-sided heart failure, pulmonary HTN, right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided heart failure. A patient presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. An echocardiogram shows a restrictive filling pattern of the left ventricle. Which of the following diagnoses is correct? - Answer- Diastolic Heart Failure A dilated ventricle is visible on an echocardiogram in..... - Answer- dilated cardiomyopathy A 56-year-old male presents to the ED with a complaint of chest pain. He has no prior medical history. One exam he has a holosystolic murmur with an S3 heart sound. Troponin levels are elevated. Which pathological condition best explains the clinical manifestations? - Answer- Papillary muscle rupture secondary to cardiac infarction. Which set of clinical manifestations are consistent with right sided heart failure? - Answer- Jugular Vein Distention, Peripheral Edema and Right Atrial Hypertrophy Which set of clinical manifestations are consistent with left sided heart failure? - Answer- Pulmonary edema, hypoxia and a MAP of 70mmHg are more consistent with left sided systolic heart failure. Which set of clinical manifestations are consistent with right diastolic heart failure of the left ventricle? - Answer- An EF of 50% and a restrictive filling pattern is consistent with diastolic heart failure of the left ventricle.....