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Fiche regulation de la gametogenèse

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Fiche sur le cours de régulation de la gametogenèse en biocellulaire en PASS à l'uB en a partir de mes notes de cours et du cours d'une prépa

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Uploaded on
July 12, 2022
Number of pages
3
Written in
2021/2022
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Biocellulaire
Régulation hormonale de la gamétogenèse
I. Régulation endocrine spermatogenèse
Dépend du développement testiculaire :

● pré natal et pré puberté : action gonadotrophines sur Sertoli qui se multiplie comme
les spermatogonies
● après puberté : action GnRH pulsatile déclenche spermatogenèse et maturation
Sertoli



Stimuli environnementaux → SNC → hypothalamus
→ GnRH (pulsatile) → cellules gonadotropes de
l’antéhypophyse → gonadotrophines : FSH et LH →
testicules



FSH → Sertoli → activine → rétrocontrôle positif



inhibine → rétrocontrôle négatif



LH → Leydig → testostérone → rétrocontrôle négatif



Pathologies :

● Hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope : perturbation entre hypophyse et gonade, FSH
et LH n’agissent pas et rétrocontrôle perturbé = taux gonadotrophines bas
● Hypogonadisme hypergonadotrope : spermatogenèse déficiente (testicule déficient)
pour causes toxiques, environnementales, chromosomiques, idiopathiques (ex :
mutation récepteur) et absence rétrocontrôle = FSH et LH élevé

15% des couples consultent pour difficulté à procréer et ⅓ homme est responsable
infertilité.

❖ Infertilité obstructive : production spermatozoïdes normale mais tractus bouché
❖ Infertilité non obstructive = sécrétoire : atteinte spermatogenèse



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