biopsychology
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1. nervous system specialised network of cells in the human body and is our
primary internal communication system that has 2 main
functions. collect process and respond to information in
the environment. coordinate the working of different or-
gans and cells in the body. Divided into CNS and PNS.
2. central nervous brain and spinal cord. The CNS passes messages to and
system from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS. The CNS
controls behaviour and regulates the body's physiological
processes.
3. brain centre of all conscious awareness. The CEREBRUM is
responsible for senses, imagination and thoughts. The
CEREBELLUM deals with emotion, balance and learning
new things. The MEDULLA is responsible for involuntary
actions digestion, heart beat and breathing.
4. spinal cord extension of the brain that is responsible for reflex actions.
5. peripheral ner- transmits messages to and from the CNS via millions of
vous system neurons. PNS receives information from the outside world
and transmits this to the CNS. The PNS then transmits
messages from the CNS to the muscles and glands in the
body.
6. the PNS is split -Autonomic nervous system (ANS) which governs vital
into two parts functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, diges-
tion, sexual arousal and stress responses.
-Somatic nervous system which controls muscle move-
ment and receives information from sensory receptors.
7. the ANS is split sympathetic nervous system
into 2 parts parasympathetic nervous system
8. Sympathetic activates fight or flight response
Nervous System -increases heart and breathing rate
(SNS) -dilates pupils
-inhibits digestion and saliva productions
-contracts rectum
, biopsychology
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9. parasympathet- rest and digest to normal state
ic nervous -decrease heart and breathing rate
system -constricts pupils
-stimulates digestion and saliva production
-relaxes rectum
10. neurons Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, inte-
grate, and transmit electrical impulses to the CNS.
11. cell body soma Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the organelles
12. axon transfers electrical impulses signals from the cell body to
the synapse.
13. myelin sheath This insulates or protects the axon from external influ-
ences that might affect transmission of the nerve impulse.
14. axon terminal Sends signals to an adjacent cell
15. dendrites Receives nerve impulses or signals from adjacent neu-
rons
16. motor neurons carries messages from the CNS to effectors such as
muscles and glands. Short dendrites and long axons.
17. Relay neurons transfers messages from sensory neurons to other relay
or motor neurons. Short dendrites and short or long ax-
ons.
18. sensory neurons carries messages from PNS (sense organs) to the brain
and spinal cord. Long dendrites and short axons.
19. Synapse Gap between neurons
20. action potential nerve impulse. The dendrites of neurons receive info from
sensory receptors or other neurons. info passed to cell
body then an electrical impulse (action potential) down
axon.
21.
, biopsychology
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synaptic trans- Once an action potential has arrived at the axon terminal
mission it needs to be transferred to another neuron. In order to
pass from one neuron to another it has to pass a gap
known as the synaptic gap which is between the end of
the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron. At
the end of the axon are a number of nerve cells known as
synaptic vesicles which contain messengers in the form
of neurotransmitters. When the action potential reaches
the end of the neuron this causes the vesicles that hold
the neurotransmitters to fuse with the membrane and
purge them into the synaptic gap. The neurotransmitters
diffuse across the synaptic gap where they bind to spe-
cific receptors on the surface of the post synaptic neuron
(lock and key theory). This then sets things in motion,
such as either an excitatory or inhibitory effect. Once the
neurotransmitters had had their desired effects they either
get destroyed by enzymes in the synapse or go through a
process called reuptake whereby the pre-synaptic neuron
takes the neurotransmitters back.
22. excitatory make a nerve impulse more likely to be triggered: for
example, dopamine or serotonin which produce states of
excitement/activity.
23. inhibitory make a nerve impulse less likely to be triggered: for
example, GABA calms activity in the nervous system and
produces states of relaxation
24. endocrine sys- The Endocrine System has a series of glands which
tem release chemicals (hormones) throughout the body and
other bodily fluids. This communicates messages to or-
gans in the body.
25. endocrine produce and secrete hormones which are chemical sub-
glands stances that regulate the activity of cells or organs in the
body.
26. hormones behaviour is influenced by hormones. particular receptors
for particular hormones. when enough receptor sites are
stimulated , a physiological reaction occurs.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_am13ee
1. nervous system specialised network of cells in the human body and is our
primary internal communication system that has 2 main
functions. collect process and respond to information in
the environment. coordinate the working of different or-
gans and cells in the body. Divided into CNS and PNS.
2. central nervous brain and spinal cord. The CNS passes messages to and
system from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS. The CNS
controls behaviour and regulates the body's physiological
processes.
3. brain centre of all conscious awareness. The CEREBRUM is
responsible for senses, imagination and thoughts. The
CEREBELLUM deals with emotion, balance and learning
new things. The MEDULLA is responsible for involuntary
actions digestion, heart beat and breathing.
4. spinal cord extension of the brain that is responsible for reflex actions.
5. peripheral ner- transmits messages to and from the CNS via millions of
vous system neurons. PNS receives information from the outside world
and transmits this to the CNS. The PNS then transmits
messages from the CNS to the muscles and glands in the
body.
6. the PNS is split -Autonomic nervous system (ANS) which governs vital
into two parts functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, diges-
tion, sexual arousal and stress responses.
-Somatic nervous system which controls muscle move-
ment and receives information from sensory receptors.
7. the ANS is split sympathetic nervous system
into 2 parts parasympathetic nervous system
8. Sympathetic activates fight or flight response
Nervous System -increases heart and breathing rate
(SNS) -dilates pupils
-inhibits digestion and saliva productions
-contracts rectum
, biopsychology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_am13ee
9. parasympathet- rest and digest to normal state
ic nervous -decrease heart and breathing rate
system -constricts pupils
-stimulates digestion and saliva production
-relaxes rectum
10. neurons Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, inte-
grate, and transmit electrical impulses to the CNS.
11. cell body soma Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the organelles
12. axon transfers electrical impulses signals from the cell body to
the synapse.
13. myelin sheath This insulates or protects the axon from external influ-
ences that might affect transmission of the nerve impulse.
14. axon terminal Sends signals to an adjacent cell
15. dendrites Receives nerve impulses or signals from adjacent neu-
rons
16. motor neurons carries messages from the CNS to effectors such as
muscles and glands. Short dendrites and long axons.
17. Relay neurons transfers messages from sensory neurons to other relay
or motor neurons. Short dendrites and short or long ax-
ons.
18. sensory neurons carries messages from PNS (sense organs) to the brain
and spinal cord. Long dendrites and short axons.
19. Synapse Gap between neurons
20. action potential nerve impulse. The dendrites of neurons receive info from
sensory receptors or other neurons. info passed to cell
body then an electrical impulse (action potential) down
axon.
21.
, biopsychology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_am13ee
synaptic trans- Once an action potential has arrived at the axon terminal
mission it needs to be transferred to another neuron. In order to
pass from one neuron to another it has to pass a gap
known as the synaptic gap which is between the end of
the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron. At
the end of the axon are a number of nerve cells known as
synaptic vesicles which contain messengers in the form
of neurotransmitters. When the action potential reaches
the end of the neuron this causes the vesicles that hold
the neurotransmitters to fuse with the membrane and
purge them into the synaptic gap. The neurotransmitters
diffuse across the synaptic gap where they bind to spe-
cific receptors on the surface of the post synaptic neuron
(lock and key theory). This then sets things in motion,
such as either an excitatory or inhibitory effect. Once the
neurotransmitters had had their desired effects they either
get destroyed by enzymes in the synapse or go through a
process called reuptake whereby the pre-synaptic neuron
takes the neurotransmitters back.
22. excitatory make a nerve impulse more likely to be triggered: for
example, dopamine or serotonin which produce states of
excitement/activity.
23. inhibitory make a nerve impulse less likely to be triggered: for
example, GABA calms activity in the nervous system and
produces states of relaxation
24. endocrine sys- The Endocrine System has a series of glands which
tem release chemicals (hormones) throughout the body and
other bodily fluids. This communicates messages to or-
gans in the body.
25. endocrine produce and secrete hormones which are chemical sub-
glands stances that regulate the activity of cells or organs in the
body.
26. hormones behaviour is influenced by hormones. particular receptors
for particular hormones. when enough receptor sites are
stimulated , a physiological reaction occurs.
