social Influence
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1. Conformity Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a
group standard due to real or imaginary pressures.
2. internalisation A deep type of conformity where we take on the major-
ity view because we accept it as correct. It leads to a
far-reaching and permanent change in behaviour, even
when the group is absent.
3. identification when a person identifies with a group and conforms to
their opinions publicly in fear of being ostracised. However
when the group is not present, they change their opinions.
4. compliance con- publicly changing behavior to fit in and be liked by other
formity people whilst privately disagreeing
5. what are the the need to be right
two central hu- the need to liked
man needs
6. dual-processing Deutsch and Gerald (1955) believed there are two main
dependency reasons people conform. ISI and NSI.
model
7. Informational so- the influence other people have on us because we want to
cial influence be right, so we believe what they tell us. This is a cognitive
process as you do what you think.
8. ISI is more likely in new situations- don't know what is right.
when decisions need to be made quickly.
situations where there is ambiguity.
when one person is considered an expert.
9. Normative social influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval
influence or avoid disapproval. It is an emotional process.
10. NSI is more likely in situations with strangers- concerned about rejection
when stressful situation- greater need for social support
agree in public but disagree privately
11.
, social Influence
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ISI and NSI evalu- support comes from Lucas et al study on conformity when
ation 1 people are unsure of an answer. He asked students of
a mixed ability to complete maths questions of different
difficulties. Greater conformity from students who rated
their maths abilities as low on difficult questions. People
conform in situations where they feel that they don't know
the answers. This is a strength because it supports ISI.
12. ISI and NSI evalu- Jenness was one of the first to study conformity in am-
ation 2 biguous. he had a glass bottle of beans. people estimate
on own, then in groups then individually again to see if
answers were influenced by group discussion. almost all
changes their answer closer to group. people believed
group in ambiguous situations.
13. ISI and NSI evalu- There is research support for NSI, showing that conformi-
ation 3 ty can be due to a fear of what others may think. In Asch's
study 1951, his research demonstrates how individuals
will conform with the majority on a line comparison test
even when they know the answer is incorrect in order to
be liked or to not stand out. This is a strength because it
shows that NSI is a valid assumption as to why people
conform for group approval.
14. ISI and NSI evalu- however some research shows that NSI affects different
ation 4 people's behaviour in different ways. McGhee and Teevan
(1967) found students in need of affiliation (being liked)
are more likely to conform. This shows that the desire to
be liked underlies conformity. Some people have more
need for affiliation, suggesting that some people may be
more susceptible to conformity than others. Non affiliators
are less affected. This suggests their may be individual
differences in the way NSI affects different people.
15. Asch aim To investigate the extent to which social pressure from a
majority group could affect a persons likelihood to con-
form.
16. Asch method 123 male undergraduate students participated in a "vision
test", using a line judgment task. Asch put a naïve par-
, social Influence
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8owgvm
ticipant in a room with 7 confederates and asked for the
participants to look at three lines and call out the one that
looked the same length as the example. The confederates
would purposely give the wrong answer on occasions to
see if the real participant would conform with the others.
17. Asch (1951) Re- 75% conformed at least once to the wrong answer. On
sults average 36.8% conformed to the group's wrong answers.
25% did not conform at all. participants conform even
when the situation is unambiguous.
18. evaluation on Perrin and Spencer (1981) replicated Asch's study us-
Asch 1 ing British engineering, maths and chemistry students.
These students remained independent, reporting correct
answers even when faced with a unanimous majority. In
396 trials only one error was made. One possible expla-
nation is that these students considered themselves to be
competent and precise when using lines.
19. evaluation on 1950s America may have been a conformist time. social
Asch 2 norms of the time was already established which made
conformity more likely then. but times have changed now.
Asch study may be a child of its time so his study does
not have temporal validity.
20. evaluation on ethical concerns. naïve participants were deceived as
Asch 3 they thought the confederates were real participants. par-
ticipants reported feeling self conscious meaning this ex-
periment did not stop the feeling of embarrassment.
21. evaluation on lacks external validity because these questions were too
Asch 4 simplistic to represent the complex situations in life. not
all differences were taken into account as they were all
male and students.
22. group size and The bigger the majority of confederates, the more people
conformity conformed, but only up to a certain point. Conformity did
not increase much after the group size was about 4/5. 2
confederates =13% 3+ confederates =32%
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8owgvm
1. Conformity Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a
group standard due to real or imaginary pressures.
2. internalisation A deep type of conformity where we take on the major-
ity view because we accept it as correct. It leads to a
far-reaching and permanent change in behaviour, even
when the group is absent.
3. identification when a person identifies with a group and conforms to
their opinions publicly in fear of being ostracised. However
when the group is not present, they change their opinions.
4. compliance con- publicly changing behavior to fit in and be liked by other
formity people whilst privately disagreeing
5. what are the the need to be right
two central hu- the need to liked
man needs
6. dual-processing Deutsch and Gerald (1955) believed there are two main
dependency reasons people conform. ISI and NSI.
model
7. Informational so- the influence other people have on us because we want to
cial influence be right, so we believe what they tell us. This is a cognitive
process as you do what you think.
8. ISI is more likely in new situations- don't know what is right.
when decisions need to be made quickly.
situations where there is ambiguity.
when one person is considered an expert.
9. Normative social influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval
influence or avoid disapproval. It is an emotional process.
10. NSI is more likely in situations with strangers- concerned about rejection
when stressful situation- greater need for social support
agree in public but disagree privately
11.
, social Influence
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8owgvm
ISI and NSI evalu- support comes from Lucas et al study on conformity when
ation 1 people are unsure of an answer. He asked students of
a mixed ability to complete maths questions of different
difficulties. Greater conformity from students who rated
their maths abilities as low on difficult questions. People
conform in situations where they feel that they don't know
the answers. This is a strength because it supports ISI.
12. ISI and NSI evalu- Jenness was one of the first to study conformity in am-
ation 2 biguous. he had a glass bottle of beans. people estimate
on own, then in groups then individually again to see if
answers were influenced by group discussion. almost all
changes their answer closer to group. people believed
group in ambiguous situations.
13. ISI and NSI evalu- There is research support for NSI, showing that conformi-
ation 3 ty can be due to a fear of what others may think. In Asch's
study 1951, his research demonstrates how individuals
will conform with the majority on a line comparison test
even when they know the answer is incorrect in order to
be liked or to not stand out. This is a strength because it
shows that NSI is a valid assumption as to why people
conform for group approval.
14. ISI and NSI evalu- however some research shows that NSI affects different
ation 4 people's behaviour in different ways. McGhee and Teevan
(1967) found students in need of affiliation (being liked)
are more likely to conform. This shows that the desire to
be liked underlies conformity. Some people have more
need for affiliation, suggesting that some people may be
more susceptible to conformity than others. Non affiliators
are less affected. This suggests their may be individual
differences in the way NSI affects different people.
15. Asch aim To investigate the extent to which social pressure from a
majority group could affect a persons likelihood to con-
form.
16. Asch method 123 male undergraduate students participated in a "vision
test", using a line judgment task. Asch put a naïve par-
, social Influence
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8owgvm
ticipant in a room with 7 confederates and asked for the
participants to look at three lines and call out the one that
looked the same length as the example. The confederates
would purposely give the wrong answer on occasions to
see if the real participant would conform with the others.
17. Asch (1951) Re- 75% conformed at least once to the wrong answer. On
sults average 36.8% conformed to the group's wrong answers.
25% did not conform at all. participants conform even
when the situation is unambiguous.
18. evaluation on Perrin and Spencer (1981) replicated Asch's study us-
Asch 1 ing British engineering, maths and chemistry students.
These students remained independent, reporting correct
answers even when faced with a unanimous majority. In
396 trials only one error was made. One possible expla-
nation is that these students considered themselves to be
competent and precise when using lines.
19. evaluation on 1950s America may have been a conformist time. social
Asch 2 norms of the time was already established which made
conformity more likely then. but times have changed now.
Asch study may be a child of its time so his study does
not have temporal validity.
20. evaluation on ethical concerns. naïve participants were deceived as
Asch 3 they thought the confederates were real participants. par-
ticipants reported feeling self conscious meaning this ex-
periment did not stop the feeling of embarrassment.
21. evaluation on lacks external validity because these questions were too
Asch 4 simplistic to represent the complex situations in life. not
all differences were taken into account as they were all
male and students.
22. group size and The bigger the majority of confederates, the more people
conformity conformed, but only up to a certain point. Conformity did
not increase much after the group size was about 4/5. 2
confederates =13% 3+ confederates =32%
