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Samenvatting Scheikunde Hoofdstuk 1 Atoombouw en binding

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Dit is van het boek Chemie. Het hoofdstuk kan voor zowel havo 4 en havo 5 voorkomen. Op het examen is het wel basiskennis. De samenvatting gaat over de atoombouw en de bindingen hiertussen.V

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July 8, 2022
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2020/2021
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Scheikunde Hoofdstuk 1 Atoombouw en binding
Bij andere atomen kan het aantal elektronen/protonen verschillen.
* Cl- ion
Cl = atoomnummer 17 = 17 protonen
Cl-ion heeft lading 1- dus 18 elektronen, namelijk 17 p+ - 18 e- = -1 e
Cl heeft dan in de schillen
K = 2e- L = 8e- M = 8e-

Isotopen = hetzelfde aantal protonen (zelfde element), verschillend aantal neutronen. → Binas 25A

Naam groep Rooster Binding
Metalen Metaalrooster Metaalbinding
Zouten Ionrooster Ionbinding
Moleculaire stoffen Molecuulrooster Atoombinding = binnen
molecuul.
Vanderwaalsbinding = tussen
molecuul.


Stroomgeleiding
Metalen Stroomgeleiding
Zouten (aq) en (l) geleiden stroom
Moleculaire stoffen Geen stroomgeleiding
* Na2SO4 → is een zout, dus ionbinding.
→ SO4 = Een samengesteld ion binnenin zitten atoombindingen.

Hoe groter de molecuul, hoe groter de vanderwaals-kracht. → Dus hele grote moleculen hebben een
hele grote vanderwaalsbinding.

Covalentie = Het aantal atoombindingen dat een atoomsoort kan vormen .
* Waterstof kan maar 1 atoombinding vormen → H-H
Zuurstof kan 2 atoombindingen vormen → O=O

Groep Atoom Covalentie
1 H 1
17 F/Cl/Br/I 1
16 O/S 2
15 N/P 3
14 C/Si 4
Molecuulmassa berekenen

1. Noteer de formule.
* H2O
2. Zoek van elke atoomsoort de atoommassa op. (Binas tabel 99)
* H = 1,008 u
O = 16,00 u
3. Bereken de molecuulmassa.
* 2 H = 1,008 × 2 = 2,016 u
1 O = 16,00 u
H2O = 16,00 + 2,016 u = 18,016 u
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