Athabasca University, Athabasca BIO 235 BIO 235 midterm 1

CHAPTER 1 Anatomy – the science of body structures and the relationship among them Physiology – The science of body functions – how body parts work Dissection – careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships Levels of Structural Organization: Chemical (letters of alphabet) – most basic level that includes atoms and molecules atoms → smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions molecules → two+ atoms joined together Cellular – (words) – molecules combine to form cells (basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals) - smallest living unit in the human body Tissue – (words put together to make sentences) - groups of cells and the materials surrounding them - work together to perform a function - four basic types: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Organ – (sentences make paragraphs) - two or more different types of tissues are joined together to form organs - stomach, skin, lungs, bones. Heart, brain System – (chapter in our language) - consists of related organs with a common function - ex. Digestive system (mouth, salivary glands, pharynx,etc.) - pancreas is part of both digestive and endocrine system Organism (book) - any living individual - all body parts functioning together