TEST BANK for UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY MORRIS

TEST BANK for UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY MORRIS UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY MORRIS TEST BANK Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology Multiple-Choice What Is Psychology? Learning Objectives ● Define psychology and describe the major subfields within psychology. ● Describe the five enduring issues that cut across the subfields of psychology. ● Explain what psychology has in common with other sciences, how psychologists use the scientific method, and the difference between theories and hypotheses. ● Apply critical thinking to an article in a magazine or newspaper. 1. Psychology is the scientific study of . a. how personality can be determined by the size and shape of one's head b. behavior and mental processes c. the physiological functions of the brain d. how cultures and societies develop and interact with each other Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 3 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 2. Psychologists are interested in . a. every aspect of human thought and behavior Correct: The different perspectives of psychology encompass every aspect of human thoughts, feelings, and actions. b. aspects of human behavior, but not human thought Incorrect: Behavior is absolutely crucial to the study of psychology, but so too is the concept of human thought. c. aspects of human thought, but not human behavior d. only major aspects of human thought and behavior Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 3 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 3. Psychology . a. rarely redefines itself, and when it does, it does so more narrowly b. virtually never redefines itself Incorrect: The field of psychology is very introspective, making sure to redefine itself as often as is necessary. c. continually redefines itself more narrowly d. continually redefines itself more broadly Correct: New research methods, areas of inquiry, and collaborations with other sciences allows psychology to continually redefine itself. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 3 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 4. Psychology is . a. is a single, unified field of study Incorrect: There is no single, unifying definition of psychology; rather, it is a combination of many different areas of academic pursuit. b. is an "umbrella" for a loose amalgamation of different subfields Correct: The fact that there is no single unifying definition of psychology suggests that it is a combination of many sub-disciplines. c. is comprised of two distinct subfields d. not a field of study at all Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 3 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 5. Each of the following is a specialty area within developmental psychology EXCEPT . a. lifespan psychology b. psychobiology c. child psychology d. adolescent psychology Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 6. If I ran a TV station and wanted a consultant to advise me on children's programming, I would most likely hire a(n) psychologist. a. experimental b. developmental Correct: A developmental psychologist would be an expert in the cognitive development of children, so would have good information on how to structure children’s television programming. c. personality d. clinical Incorrect: A clinical psychologist might, indeed, work with children with various levels of psychopathology, but the best answer here is an expert on children’s development, or a developmental psychologist. Answer: b Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 90% r = .31 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 7. Life-span psychologists focus mainly on studying . a. adolescent changes and development b. the adult years c. the entire developmental spectrum from infancy through adulthood d. infancy and childhood development Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 8. The American Psychological Association is made up of about divisions. a. 10 b. 30 c. 70 d. 50 Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 9. A group of psychologists study human, mental, and physical growth from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. They are most likely psychologists. a. developmental Correct: Developmental psychologists study all aspects of growth and change from conception through death. b. social Incorrect: Social psychologists study the bidirectional effects that people have on each other, including thoughts, feelings, and actions. c. personality d. organizational Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 10. Child psychology, adolescent psychology, and lifespan psychology are specialty areas within the field of psychology known as psychology. a. health b. physiological c. personality d. developmental Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 4 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 11. investigate the impact of heredity on both normal and abnormal traits and behavior. a. Behavioral geneticists Correct: Behavioral geneticists focus on how genetics influence the traits and behaviors we develop throughout life. b. Experimental psychologists c. Neuropsychologists d. Psychobiologists Incorrect: A behavioral geneticist is a type of psychobiologist, but the best answer is a behavioral geneticist. Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 12. are interested in the workings of the brain and the nervous system. a. Experimental psychologists b. Psychobiologists Incorrect: A neuropsychologist is a type of psychobiologist, but the best answer is a neuropsychologist. c. Behavioral geneticists d. Neuropsychologists Correct: Neuropsychologists focus on the functions of the brain, including electrical and chemical processes, as well as the rest of the nervous system. Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 13. A group of psychologists are interested in how the brain enables us to perceive the world through our senses, and feel emotions such as anger, sadness, and joy. They are most likely to be . a. neuropsychologists Correct: Neuropsychologists focus on the functions of the brain, including electrical and chemical processes, as well as the rest of the nervous system. b. experimental psychologists c. psychobiologists Incorrect: A neuropsychologist is a type of psychobiologist, and so both answers are “sort of” right. The best answer, however, is neuropsychologist. d. behavioral geneticists Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 14. A group of psychologists are interested in how hormones, psychoactive medications, and "social drugs" affect us. They are most likely to be . a. neuropsychologists Incorrect: A neuropsychologist would definitely be interested in how drugs affect the brain, but the more general answer of psychobiologist is the best choice. b. psychobiologists Correct: Psychobiologists are interested in the biological bases of human behavior, which includes the way that chemicals such as hormones and drugs affect individuals’ actions. c. experimental psychologists d. behavioral geneticists Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 15. A group of psychologists conduct research on basic psychological processes, including learning, memory, sensation, perception, cognition, motivation, and emotion. They are most likely psychologists. a. physiological b. clinical c. experimental d. psychometric Answer: c Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 16. Researchers have found that men tend to use their brains differently than women when solving some types of problems. Which of the following types of psychologists would probably be MOST interested in conducting this type of research? a. experimental psychologists Correct: Experimental psychologists apply the rules of science to conducting research and attempting to gather data that explain psychology phenomena. b. industrial/organizational psychologists c. social psychologists d. psychometric psychologists Incorrect: A psychometric psychologist might be consulted to help interpret the statistics of a research project, but the best answer to this question is experimental psychologist. Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 17. Researchers have found that memory processing involves at least three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be interested in conducting research on information such as this? a. educational psychologists b. experimental psychologists Correct: Conducting research and applying the rules of science to psychological inquiry is the job of an experimental psychologist. c. clinical psychologists Incorrect: A clinical psychologist might have a great deal of interest in the results of this research, but the research is conducted by an experimental psychologist. d. industrial/organizational psychologists Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 18. Researchers have found that men are usually assumed to be more aggressive than women. However, women believe they are not being observed they are often just as aggressive as men. Of the following professionals, psychologists would probably be the MOST interested in these findings. a. clinical b. developmental Incorrect: A developmental psychologist might have some interest in how personality develops, but the process of development is his or her primary interest. c. psychometric d. personality Correct: Personality psychologists have an interest in identifying and understanding the differences between individuals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 19. A group of psychologists study the differences among individuals traits such as anxiety, sociability, selfesteem, the need for achievement, and aggressiveness. They are most likely psychologists. a. clinical b. developmental Incorrect: A developmental psychologist might have some interest in how personality develops, but the process of development is his or her primary interest. c. psychometric d. personality Correct: Personality psychologists have an interest in identifying and understanding the differences between individuals. Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 20. A group of psychologists is attempting to determine what causes some people to be optimistic and sociable, while others are pessimistic and reserved. They are most likely to be psychologists. a. developmental Incorrect: A developmental psychologist might have some interest in how personality develops, but the process of development is his or her primary interest. b. counseling/clinical c. psychometric d. personality Correct: Personality psychologists have an interest in identifying and understanding the differences between individuals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 21. A group of psychologists at a cocktail party are discussing what kinds of questions are most usefully studied in the field of psychology. Which of the following pairs of psychologists is MOST likely to find agreement? a. industrial/organizational and experimental psychologists Incorrect: I/O psychologists are interested in the application of psychology in the workplace, while experimental psychologists are more interested in conducting pure research. b. industrial/organizational and physiological psychologists c. clinical and counseling psychologists Correct: Clinical and counseling psychology are two subdisciplines that share a lot of features, including dealing with patients, mental illness, and treatment. d. personality and experimental psychologists Answer: c Difficulty: 3 2 yr.: 71% r = .21 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 22. About half of all psychologists specialize in psychology. a. social or developmental b. physiological or experimental c. clinical or counseling d. personality or developmental Answer: c Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 95% r =.14 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 23. Serial killer Ted Bundy was suspected of being responsible for dozens of rapes and murders throughout the United States in the 1970s. During his trial, he was labeled as a "psychopath" by prosecutors and mental health professionals. He was convicted and executed for his crimes in 1988. Of the following professionals, psychologists would probably be MOST interested in the causes and diagnosis of Ted Bundy's mental disorders. a. counseling Incorrect: This sort of extreme psychopathology would be more likely to see a clinical psychologist than a counseling psychologist. b. social c. developmental d. clinical Correct: Of the two primary treating types of psychologists, clinical psychologists usually deal with patients whose psychopathology is more pronounced. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 75% r = .21 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 24. A young man from Colorado, in order to attract the favor of the actress Jodie Foster, with whom he was infatuated, attempted to assassinate the president of the United States. Of the following mental health professionals, psychologists would probably have the LEAST interest in that event. a. social b. personality c. counseling Incorrect: A counseling psychologist might be interested in the psychopathological processes that led this individual to be so motivated that he would commit such an extreme act to win the affections of a woman. d. experimental Correct: Experimental psychologists tend to be interested in pure research. The applications of that research, however, are often left to other psychology professionals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 88% r = .22; 2 yr.: 97% r = - .08 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 25. Researchers have found that many marriages fail because the partners bring unrealistic expectations with them into the marriage. The partners then blame each other for not meeting those expectations. Of the following mental health professionals, psychologists would probably be the LEAST interested in these findings. a. clinical b. counseling c. personality Incorrect: A personality psychologist might be very interested in the processes that make couples successful or unsuccessful in relationships based on different personality tendencies. d. experimental Correct: Experimental psychologists tend to be interested in pure research. The applications of that research, however, are often left to other psychology professionals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A