Inhoudsopgave
Bouwwetenschappen & materialenleer .......................................................................................................... 5
Inleiding: algemeen bouw gerelateerde basisbegrippen .................................................................................... 5
1. Inleiding bouw & materiaal.................................................................................................................... 5
2. Het ontwerp- en bouwproces ................................................................................................................ 6
3. Duurzaam en veilig bouwen ................................................................................................................ 13
4. Basisbegrippen bouwconstructie......................................................................................................... 19
5. Basisbegrippen en bouwstabiliteit....................................................................................................... 24
6. Basisbegrippen bouwprijs .................................................................................................................... 25
7. Basisbegrippen bouwestehtiek ............................................................................................................ 30
8. Basisbegrippen bouwfysica .................................................................................................................. 30
9. Basisbegrippen technologie ................................................................................................................. 30
Hoofdstuk 1: Cement......................................................................................................................................... 31
1. Geschiedenis v. cement ....................................................................................................................... 31
2. Definitie v. cement ............................................................................................................................... 31
3. Toepassing cement .............................................................................................................................. 31
4. Bestanddelen van cement ................................................................................................................... 32
5. Fabricatie van cement.......................................................................................................................... 32
6. Indeling van cement............................................................................................................................. 32
7. Verschil tussen cement, mortel, specie en beton ................................................................................ 34
8. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. cement ............................................................................................................... 35
9. Cement voor verschillende toepassingen ............................................................................................ 35
10. Duurzaamheid van cement.............................................................................................................. 35
Hoofdstuk 2: Beton ........................................................................................................................................... 37
1. Definitie van beton .............................................................................................................................. 37
2. Toepassing beton ................................................................................................................................. 37
3. Bestanddelen van beton ...................................................................................................................... 37
4. Fabricatie van beton ............................................................................................................................ 39
5. Indeling van beton ............................................................................................................................... 40
6. Eigenschappen van beton .................................................................................................................... 42
7. Watercementactor = WCF ................................................................................................................... 42
8. Consistentie v. beton ........................................................................................................................... 43
9. Druksterkte v. beton ............................................................................................................................ 43
10. Gewapend beton ............................................................................................................................. 44
11. Voorgespannen beton ..................................................................................................................... 45
12. Classificering v/d aantastingsrisico’s van beton .............................................................................. 45
13. Omgevingsklassen van beton .......................................................................................................... 45
14. Betontype ........................................................................................................................................ 45
15. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. beton .............................................................................................................. 46
16. Stortklaar VS zelfgemaakt beton ..................................................................................................... 46
17. Beton & energiebesparing ............................................................................................................... 46
18. Duurzaamheid van beton ................................................................................................................ 47
19. Beton bij brand ................................................................................................................................ 47
Hoofdstuk 3: Cellenbeton .................................................................................................................................. 49
1
, 1. Geschiedenis v. cellenbeton ................................................................................................................ 49
2. Definitie van cellenbeton ..................................................................................................................... 49
3. Toepassing van cellenbeton................................................................................................................. 49
4. Bestanddelen van cellenbeton ............................................................................................................ 49
5. Fabricatie van cellenbeton ................................................................................................................... 49
6. Producten van cellenbeton .................................................................................................................. 50
7. Eigenschappen van cellenbeton .......................................................................................................... 50
8. Cellenbeton en energiebesparing ........................................................................................................ 51
9. Duurzaamheid van cellenbeton ........................................................................................................... 51
10. Cellenbeton bij brand ...................................................................................................................... 51
Hoofdstuk 4: Kalkzandsteen .............................................................................................................................. 53
1. Geschiedenis v. kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................ 53
2. Toepassingen v. kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................ 53
3. Bestanddelen v. kalkzandsteen............................................................................................................ 53
4. Fabricatie v. kalkzandsteen .................................................................................................................. 53
5. Producten v. kalkzandsteen ................................................................................................................. 53
6. Kalkzandstenen wanddeel als totaalpakket ......................................................................................... 54
7. Eigenschappen kalksteen ..................................................................................................................... 54
8. Kalkzandsteen & energiebesparing...................................................................................................... 55
9. Duurzaamheid v. kalkzandsteen .......................................................................................................... 55
10. Kalkzandsteen bij brand .................................................................................................................. 55
Hoofdstuk 5: Baksteen ...................................................................................................................................... 57
1. Definitie van baksteen ......................................................................................................................... 57
2. Toepassingen baksteen........................................................................................................................ 57
3. Bestanddelen van baksteen ................................................................................................................. 58
4. Fabricatie van baksteen ....................................................................................................................... 58
5. Indeling van baksteen .......................................................................................................................... 60
6. Uitvoering van baksteenmetselwerk ................................................................................................... 62
7. Baksteen en energiebesparing............................................................................................................. 63
8. Duurzaamheid van baksteen ............................................................................................................... 63
9. Baksteen bij brand ............................................................................................................................... 63
Hoofdstuk 6: Metalen ....................................................................................................................................... 65
1. Definitie v. metalen.............................................................................................................................. 65
2. Indeling v. metalen .............................................................................................................................. 65
3. Corrosie v. metalen .............................................................................................................................. 66
4. Staal ..................................................................................................................................................... 68
5. Aluminium............................................................................................................................................ 75
6. Zink....................................................................................................................................................... 77
7. Koper.................................................................................................................................................... 78
8. Lood ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
Hoofdstuk 7: Hout ............................................................................................................................................. 81
1. Definitie hout ....................................................................................................................................... 81
2. Toepassingen van hout ........................................................................................................................ 81
3. Structuur van hout ............................................................................................................................... 81
4. Hout en water ...................................................................................................................................... 84
5. Duurzaamheid van hout ...................................................................................................................... 86
6. Toegepaste houtsoorten...................................................................................................................... 87
2
, 7. Aanduiding van hout ............................................................................................................................ 87
8. Hout en energiebesparing ................................................................................................................... 87
9. Hout bij brand ...................................................................................................................................... 87
Hoofdstuk 8: isolatiematerialen ........................................................................................................................ 89
1. Definitie v. isolatiematerialen .............................................................................................................. 89
2. Indeling isolatiematerialen .................................................................................................................. 90
3. Belangrijkste isolatiematerialen .......................................................................................................... 91
4. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. isolatiematerialen .............................................................................................. 99
5. Duurzaamheid v. isolatiematerialen .................................................................................................. 100
6. Buitenmuren isoleren ........................................................................................................................ 100
7. Vloeren isoleren ................................................................................................................................. 102
8. Hellende daken isoleren .................................................................................................................... 104
Hoofdstuk 10: Asbest ...................................................................................................................................... 107
1. Definite van asbest ............................................................................................................................ 107
2. Geschiedenis van asbestgebruik ........................................................................................................ 107
3. Belgische asbestproducten ................................................................................................................ 108
4. Voor-nadelen van asbest ................................................................................................................... 109
5. Dodelijke ziektes ................................................................................................................................ 109
6. Indeling van asbeshoudende materialen ........................................................................................... 109
7. Regelgeving met betrekking tot asbest ............................................................................................. 110
8. Herkenning asbest houdende materialen.......................................................................................... 111
9. Asbestafbouwbeleid in Vlaamse Gewest ........................................................................................... 112
10. Werkgeversverplichtingen met betrekking tot asbest .................................................................. 113
11. Asbest verwijderen ........................................................................................................................ 113
Hoofdstuk 11: Warmtetransmissie ................................................................................................................. 115
1. Definitie van warmte & temperatuur ................................................................................................ 115
2. Transmissievormen v. warmte........................................................................................................... 116
3. Warmtetransport door luchtlagen..................................................................................................... 122
4. Totale warmteweerstand .................................................................................................................. 122
5. Warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt ............................................................................................................ 123
6. Warmtetransmissie & geometrie ...................................................................................................... 123
7. Bepaling v/h isolatiepeil bij bouwaanvragen voor 2018 .................................................................... 125
8. Bepaling v/h schilpeil bij bouwaanvragen vanaf 2018 ....................................................................... 125
9. Bepaling v/d globale energieprestatie: het E-peil .............................................................................. 127
10. Warmtecapaciteit .......................................................................................................................... 127
Hoofdstuk 12: Luchtdicht bouwen .................................................................................................................. 131
1. Definitie v. luchtdicht bouwen ........................................................................................................... 131
2. Toepassingen v. luchtdichtbouwen ................................................................................................... 131
3. Luchtlekken opsporen........................................................................................................................ 132
4. Infiltrometrietest ............................................................................................................................... 133
Hoofdstuk 13: Vochttransport......................................................................................................................... 135
1. Definitie: ............................................................................................................................................ 135
2. Waterdamp in de lucht ...................................................................................................................... 135
3. Relatieve vochtigheid van de lucht .................................................................................................... 135
4. Het dauwpunt van de lucht ............................................................................................................... 136
5. Oorzaken van vocht in constructies ................................................................................................... 136
6. Dampdiffusie ...................................................................................................................................... 138
3
, 7. Convectief damptransport ................................................................................................................. 140
8. Inwendige condensatie ...................................................................................................................... 141
9. Praktisch besluit: ................................................................................................................................ 142
Hoofdstuk 14: Brandveiligheid ........................................................................................................................ 143
1. Definitie van brand ............................................................................................................................ 143
2. Indeling van brandweerstand ............................................................................................................ 144
3. Brandreactie v/e bouwproduct.......................................................................................................... 145
4. Regelgeving omtrent brandveiligheid ................................................................................................ 145
Praktisch isoleren ............................................................................................................................................ 148
1. Droge stilstaande lucht ...................................................................................................................... 148
Hoofdstuk akoestiek........................................................................................................................................ 157
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Bouwwetenschappen & materialenleer .......................................................................................................... 5
Inleiding: algemeen bouw gerelateerde basisbegrippen .................................................................................... 5
1. Inleiding bouw & materiaal.................................................................................................................... 5
2. Het ontwerp- en bouwproces ................................................................................................................ 6
3. Duurzaam en veilig bouwen ................................................................................................................ 13
4. Basisbegrippen bouwconstructie......................................................................................................... 19
5. Basisbegrippen en bouwstabiliteit....................................................................................................... 24
6. Basisbegrippen bouwprijs .................................................................................................................... 25
7. Basisbegrippen bouwestehtiek ............................................................................................................ 30
8. Basisbegrippen bouwfysica .................................................................................................................. 30
9. Basisbegrippen technologie ................................................................................................................. 30
Hoofdstuk 1: Cement......................................................................................................................................... 31
1. Geschiedenis v. cement ....................................................................................................................... 31
2. Definitie v. cement ............................................................................................................................... 31
3. Toepassing cement .............................................................................................................................. 31
4. Bestanddelen van cement ................................................................................................................... 32
5. Fabricatie van cement.......................................................................................................................... 32
6. Indeling van cement............................................................................................................................. 32
7. Verschil tussen cement, mortel, specie en beton ................................................................................ 34
8. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. cement ............................................................................................................... 35
9. Cement voor verschillende toepassingen ............................................................................................ 35
10. Duurzaamheid van cement.............................................................................................................. 35
Hoofdstuk 2: Beton ........................................................................................................................................... 37
1. Definitie van beton .............................................................................................................................. 37
2. Toepassing beton ................................................................................................................................. 37
3. Bestanddelen van beton ...................................................................................................................... 37
4. Fabricatie van beton ............................................................................................................................ 39
5. Indeling van beton ............................................................................................................................... 40
6. Eigenschappen van beton .................................................................................................................... 42
7. Watercementactor = WCF ................................................................................................................... 42
8. Consistentie v. beton ........................................................................................................................... 43
9. Druksterkte v. beton ............................................................................................................................ 43
10. Gewapend beton ............................................................................................................................. 44
11. Voorgespannen beton ..................................................................................................................... 45
12. Classificering v/d aantastingsrisico’s van beton .............................................................................. 45
13. Omgevingsklassen van beton .......................................................................................................... 45
14. Betontype ........................................................................................................................................ 45
15. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. beton .............................................................................................................. 46
16. Stortklaar VS zelfgemaakt beton ..................................................................................................... 46
17. Beton & energiebesparing ............................................................................................................... 46
18. Duurzaamheid van beton ................................................................................................................ 47
19. Beton bij brand ................................................................................................................................ 47
Hoofdstuk 3: Cellenbeton .................................................................................................................................. 49
1
, 1. Geschiedenis v. cellenbeton ................................................................................................................ 49
2. Definitie van cellenbeton ..................................................................................................................... 49
3. Toepassing van cellenbeton................................................................................................................. 49
4. Bestanddelen van cellenbeton ............................................................................................................ 49
5. Fabricatie van cellenbeton ................................................................................................................... 49
6. Producten van cellenbeton .................................................................................................................. 50
7. Eigenschappen van cellenbeton .......................................................................................................... 50
8. Cellenbeton en energiebesparing ........................................................................................................ 51
9. Duurzaamheid van cellenbeton ........................................................................................................... 51
10. Cellenbeton bij brand ...................................................................................................................... 51
Hoofdstuk 4: Kalkzandsteen .............................................................................................................................. 53
1. Geschiedenis v. kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................ 53
2. Toepassingen v. kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................ 53
3. Bestanddelen v. kalkzandsteen............................................................................................................ 53
4. Fabricatie v. kalkzandsteen .................................................................................................................. 53
5. Producten v. kalkzandsteen ................................................................................................................. 53
6. Kalkzandstenen wanddeel als totaalpakket ......................................................................................... 54
7. Eigenschappen kalksteen ..................................................................................................................... 54
8. Kalkzandsteen & energiebesparing...................................................................................................... 55
9. Duurzaamheid v. kalkzandsteen .......................................................................................................... 55
10. Kalkzandsteen bij brand .................................................................................................................. 55
Hoofdstuk 5: Baksteen ...................................................................................................................................... 57
1. Definitie van baksteen ......................................................................................................................... 57
2. Toepassingen baksteen........................................................................................................................ 57
3. Bestanddelen van baksteen ................................................................................................................. 58
4. Fabricatie van baksteen ....................................................................................................................... 58
5. Indeling van baksteen .......................................................................................................................... 60
6. Uitvoering van baksteenmetselwerk ................................................................................................... 62
7. Baksteen en energiebesparing............................................................................................................. 63
8. Duurzaamheid van baksteen ............................................................................................................... 63
9. Baksteen bij brand ............................................................................................................................... 63
Hoofdstuk 6: Metalen ....................................................................................................................................... 65
1. Definitie v. metalen.............................................................................................................................. 65
2. Indeling v. metalen .............................................................................................................................. 65
3. Corrosie v. metalen .............................................................................................................................. 66
4. Staal ..................................................................................................................................................... 68
5. Aluminium............................................................................................................................................ 75
6. Zink....................................................................................................................................................... 77
7. Koper.................................................................................................................................................... 78
8. Lood ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
Hoofdstuk 7: Hout ............................................................................................................................................. 81
1. Definitie hout ....................................................................................................................................... 81
2. Toepassingen van hout ........................................................................................................................ 81
3. Structuur van hout ............................................................................................................................... 81
4. Hout en water ...................................................................................................................................... 84
5. Duurzaamheid van hout ...................................................................................................................... 86
6. Toegepaste houtsoorten...................................................................................................................... 87
2
, 7. Aanduiding van hout ............................................................................................................................ 87
8. Hout en energiebesparing ................................................................................................................... 87
9. Hout bij brand ...................................................................................................................................... 87
Hoofdstuk 8: isolatiematerialen ........................................................................................................................ 89
1. Definitie v. isolatiematerialen .............................................................................................................. 89
2. Indeling isolatiematerialen .................................................................................................................. 90
3. Belangrijkste isolatiematerialen .......................................................................................................... 91
4. Kwaliteitsgarantie v. isolatiematerialen .............................................................................................. 99
5. Duurzaamheid v. isolatiematerialen .................................................................................................. 100
6. Buitenmuren isoleren ........................................................................................................................ 100
7. Vloeren isoleren ................................................................................................................................. 102
8. Hellende daken isoleren .................................................................................................................... 104
Hoofdstuk 10: Asbest ...................................................................................................................................... 107
1. Definite van asbest ............................................................................................................................ 107
2. Geschiedenis van asbestgebruik ........................................................................................................ 107
3. Belgische asbestproducten ................................................................................................................ 108
4. Voor-nadelen van asbest ................................................................................................................... 109
5. Dodelijke ziektes ................................................................................................................................ 109
6. Indeling van asbeshoudende materialen ........................................................................................... 109
7. Regelgeving met betrekking tot asbest ............................................................................................. 110
8. Herkenning asbest houdende materialen.......................................................................................... 111
9. Asbestafbouwbeleid in Vlaamse Gewest ........................................................................................... 112
10. Werkgeversverplichtingen met betrekking tot asbest .................................................................. 113
11. Asbest verwijderen ........................................................................................................................ 113
Hoofdstuk 11: Warmtetransmissie ................................................................................................................. 115
1. Definitie van warmte & temperatuur ................................................................................................ 115
2. Transmissievormen v. warmte........................................................................................................... 116
3. Warmtetransport door luchtlagen..................................................................................................... 122
4. Totale warmteweerstand .................................................................................................................. 122
5. Warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt ............................................................................................................ 123
6. Warmtetransmissie & geometrie ...................................................................................................... 123
7. Bepaling v/h isolatiepeil bij bouwaanvragen voor 2018 .................................................................... 125
8. Bepaling v/h schilpeil bij bouwaanvragen vanaf 2018 ....................................................................... 125
9. Bepaling v/d globale energieprestatie: het E-peil .............................................................................. 127
10. Warmtecapaciteit .......................................................................................................................... 127
Hoofdstuk 12: Luchtdicht bouwen .................................................................................................................. 131
1. Definitie v. luchtdicht bouwen ........................................................................................................... 131
2. Toepassingen v. luchtdichtbouwen ................................................................................................... 131
3. Luchtlekken opsporen........................................................................................................................ 132
4. Infiltrometrietest ............................................................................................................................... 133
Hoofdstuk 13: Vochttransport......................................................................................................................... 135
1. Definitie: ............................................................................................................................................ 135
2. Waterdamp in de lucht ...................................................................................................................... 135
3. Relatieve vochtigheid van de lucht .................................................................................................... 135
4. Het dauwpunt van de lucht ............................................................................................................... 136
5. Oorzaken van vocht in constructies ................................................................................................... 136
6. Dampdiffusie ...................................................................................................................................... 138
3
, 7. Convectief damptransport ................................................................................................................. 140
8. Inwendige condensatie ...................................................................................................................... 141
9. Praktisch besluit: ................................................................................................................................ 142
Hoofdstuk 14: Brandveiligheid ........................................................................................................................ 143
1. Definitie van brand ............................................................................................................................ 143
2. Indeling van brandweerstand ............................................................................................................ 144
3. Brandreactie v/e bouwproduct.......................................................................................................... 145
4. Regelgeving omtrent brandveiligheid ................................................................................................ 145
Praktisch isoleren ............................................................................................................................................ 148
1. Droge stilstaande lucht ...................................................................................................................... 148
Hoofdstuk akoestiek........................................................................................................................................ 157
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