Plant Reproduction
Reproduction - method thru which organisms create new generations of themselves
- Important for evolution and survival of species
- Thru reproduction - next generation receives genes
Asexual - new generation is produced by only one parents
Sexual - new generation is created thru using the genetic material of two parents
Similarities :
- Both produce same type of organism to prevent extinction
- Both end up with food being produced,used to feed growing pop
Differences :
Characteristics Asexual Sexual
Number of parents 1 2
processes 1 mitosis 1 meiosis
2 fertilisation
Gamete formation No gametes formed Gametes formed
End result Genetically identical offspring (no Offspring genetically different
alleles variation) to parents (alleles shuffled)
Value - In stable environment, well - offspring are genetically
adapted individuals are unique, in environment
preserved individuals with
- reproduction is possible variations can adapt
when few mates are
present
Rate of reproduction fast slow
Energy input more efficient, no energy input less efficient energy needed
needed too:
- produce gametes
- find and court a mate
- grow reproductive
organs
Outside agents none pollinators
Adapt to the environment ? No Yes, due to genetic variation
Evolution? low due to no genotype variation good genotype variation
favours evolution
, Advantages and disadvantages of asexual
Ad Dis
All individuals can produce offspring no variation in offspring
Process is simple and fast overcrowding may occur
Useful in an changing conditions
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual
Ad Dis
Is the basis of evolution high expenditure of energy
gives organisms a better chance of survival reproduction process is quite slow
may stop the spread of disease as offspring may unfavourable mutations and recessive genes may
be genetically resistant to this particular disease be expressed
they reduce the chance of inheriting a disease outside agents may be needed
from the parent
Steps for sexual reproduction in plants
1. diploid parent produces gametes in the gonad (sex organ) by meiosis
2. gametes are haploid as they contain one set of chromosomes ( half the
amount of parent cells)
3. male and female gametes come together by pollination or mating
4. the gametes nuclei fused together, process known as fertilisation
5. new cell made, the zygote, is diploid
6. zygote grows by mitotic cell division into an individual
Reproduction - method thru which organisms create new generations of themselves
- Important for evolution and survival of species
- Thru reproduction - next generation receives genes
Asexual - new generation is produced by only one parents
Sexual - new generation is created thru using the genetic material of two parents
Similarities :
- Both produce same type of organism to prevent extinction
- Both end up with food being produced,used to feed growing pop
Differences :
Characteristics Asexual Sexual
Number of parents 1 2
processes 1 mitosis 1 meiosis
2 fertilisation
Gamete formation No gametes formed Gametes formed
End result Genetically identical offspring (no Offspring genetically different
alleles variation) to parents (alleles shuffled)
Value - In stable environment, well - offspring are genetically
adapted individuals are unique, in environment
preserved individuals with
- reproduction is possible variations can adapt
when few mates are
present
Rate of reproduction fast slow
Energy input more efficient, no energy input less efficient energy needed
needed too:
- produce gametes
- find and court a mate
- grow reproductive
organs
Outside agents none pollinators
Adapt to the environment ? No Yes, due to genetic variation
Evolution? low due to no genotype variation good genotype variation
favours evolution
, Advantages and disadvantages of asexual
Ad Dis
All individuals can produce offspring no variation in offspring
Process is simple and fast overcrowding may occur
Useful in an changing conditions
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual
Ad Dis
Is the basis of evolution high expenditure of energy
gives organisms a better chance of survival reproduction process is quite slow
may stop the spread of disease as offspring may unfavourable mutations and recessive genes may
be genetically resistant to this particular disease be expressed
they reduce the chance of inheriting a disease outside agents may be needed
from the parent
Steps for sexual reproduction in plants
1. diploid parent produces gametes in the gonad (sex organ) by meiosis
2. gametes are haploid as they contain one set of chromosomes ( half the
amount of parent cells)
3. male and female gametes come together by pollination or mating
4. the gametes nuclei fused together, process known as fertilisation
5. new cell made, the zygote, is diploid
6. zygote grows by mitotic cell division into an individual
