BCBA Exam Review (MOCK 1) Latest 2022

BCBA Exam Review (MOCK 1) Latest 2022/ BCBA Exam Review (MOCK 1) Latest 2022 1. Philosophic doubt involves the continuous questioning of the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge.: True 2. An empirical attitude demands objective observations based on a thor- ough description and precise quantification of the phenomena of interest.: - True 3. The following quotation is representative of which type of behaviorism: "...it is a mistake to rule out events that influence our behavior because they are not accessible to others.": Radical behaviorism 4. The highest level of scientific understanding is:: control, showing how we can influence behavior by presenting or withdrawing variable(s). 5. This formally began the experimental branch of behavior analysis.: Skin- ner's publication of The Behavior of Organisms 6. Reinforcement strengthens responses that differ in topography from the response reinforced.: True 7. There is a considerable generality across individuals in the events likely to serve as reinforcers because of our similar histories in a common culture.- : True 8. Operant conditioning, which encompasses and , refers to the process and selective effects of conse- quences on behavior.: Reinforcement, punishment 9. The term for the state or condition of the environment prior to the emission of a response is technically referred to as:: Antecedent stimuli 10. Applied behavior analysts more often study operant rather than respon- dent behavior.: True 11. Selecting age-appropriate behaviors lessens the probability that other people will set the occasion for and reward adaptive behaviors that could lead to a more normal life.: False 12. A behavior that produces corresponding modifications or co-variations in other adaptive, untrained behaviors is a(n) .: Piv- otal behavior 13. According to Van Houten (1979) one method for determining socially validated performance criteria is to select standards based on assessment of competent individuals.: True 14. An ecological assessment is an essential component in applied behav- ioral analysis.: False 15. Another name for anecdotal observation is:: - A diary record - ABC recording - Anecdotal report 16. measurement facilitates data collection for inter-ob- server agreement and treatment integrity.: Permanent product 17. A feature of an event that can be measured is called a(n):: Dimension 18. If you are interested in amount of time it takes a student to begin a task after the teacher has given an instruction you would measure .: Response latency 19. Event recording can be used with non-discrete behaviors such as hum- ming.: False 20. An example of a permanent product is:: - Written assignment - Videotape - Audiotape 21. The most common convention for reporting inter-observer agreement measures in applied behavior analysis is:: Percent agreement 22. When observations change the way they employ the definition of behav- ior over the course of an investigation it is called:: Observer drift 23. What time intervals should be used with momentary time sampling?: 60 seconds or less 24. What is defined as the use of a series of symbols which are used to record the presence or absence of classes of behavior:: Observation code 25. Observers must learn a common:: - Set of classes of behavior - Notation systems - Set of decision conventions 26. Behavior analysts typically use to interpret graphically displayed data.: Visual analy- sis 27. In general, the more data the better.: False 28. Increasing the distance on the vertical axis decreases the variability of the data displayed.: False 29. Another name for a histogram is:: Bar graph 30. Logarithmic scales are well suited to display and communicate change.: Proportional 31. Which of the following are the advantages of the changing criterion design?: - It does not require a withdrawal phase - It allows for experimental analysis while gradually improving behavior. 32. In the multiple baseline design, verification of a predicted level of re- sponding for one behavior cannot be made.: False 33. The design can be used to evaluate the effects of treat- ment on the gradual improvement of behavior already in the participant's repertoire.: Changing criterion 34. In which design do intermittent measurements serve as the basis for determining whether or not behavior change has occurred prior to interven- tion.: Multiple probe 35. The length of the baseline phases for the different behaviors in a multiple baseline design should differ significantly.: True 36. The generality of research findings in applied behavior analysis is as- sessed, established, and specified through.: Replication 37. In order to evaluate the internal validity of applied behavior analysis research, all of the following should be considered except.: Conceptual sense 38. Which of the following is not an advantage of presenting your research data in a poster session.: Audience participation is minimized 39. With proper experimental design, the experimenter can control all as- pects of a subject's behavior.: False 40. Which is not a source of confounding variables.: - Setting - Independent variable - Measurement system - Subject 41. Assume you give a student in your class a forced-choice preference assessment. On this preference assessment, computer time was ranked highest (that is, it was selected the most frequently). What can you say about computer time, based on this information?: Computer time may be a reinforcer for this child. 42. The behavior that occurs temporally closest to the presentation of a reinforcer will be strengthened by its presentation.: True 43. An individual's behavior becomes increasingly more complex as the result of his/her:: History of reinforcement and punishment 44. Immediacy of reinforcement is defined as the reinforcing stimulus being delivered within the first 24 hours after the occurrence of the behavior.: False 45. One can identify whether an argument is circular reasoning:: - By evaluat- ing the direction of the relation (e.g., Sally's off-task behavior is due to her attention deficit disorder vs. Sally's attention deficit disorder causes her off-task behavior) - By evaluating whether the two components of the argument can be separated and whether one can be manipulated to determine the effect on the other 46. Requiring a child to complete an assigned task contingent upon an escape maintained challenging behavior is called:: Escape extinction 47. Bobby is a 4th grade student in an inclusion class. Bobby hates math. Every time his teacher hands-out a math assignment, Bobby hits the child on the next seat and is immediately sent to the Principals office as punishment. This is an example of:: Escape maintained behavior 48. A more sophisticated level of escape maintained behavior is:: Avoidance maintained behavior 49. Research has demonstrated that the use of error correction procedures during instruction may create an avoidance contingency.: True 50. Negative reinforcement can be used to teach both appropriate and inap- propriate behaviors.: True 51. One way researcher's thin schedules of reinforcement are by gradually increasing the response ratio or the duration of the time interval.: True 52. Which simple schedule of reinforcement produces a consistent rate of response following a post-reinforcement pause.: Fixed ratio 53. A VI schedule of reinforcement tends to produce a constant, stable rate of response.: True 54. When a FI schedule is in effect, the post reinforcement pause can be seen on the graphic curve as:: Low to zero rates of responding early in the interval. 55. Rapidity of reinforcer availability is "self controlled" with ratio schedules of reinforcement.: True 56. What is one reason response cost is a convenient procedure to use in the classroom?: - The teacher is relieved of frequent verbal interaction - Each application serves as a reminder of the contingency 57. Under what circumstances is restitutional overcorrection not included as part of the overcorrection procedure?: When the environment is not altered by the inappropriate behavior. 58. A response cost fine should be imposed during the first break in activities following the inappropriate behavior so as not to interrupt continuity in responding.: False 59. What is a behavioral principle included in the overcorrection procedure?- : Negative reinforcement and punishment 60. Emotional and aggressive acts are potential side effects of punishment use.: True 61. The key difference between non-exclusion and exclusion time-out is:: - With nonexclusion time-out the individual is not totally removed from the instruc- tional environment and With exclusion time-out the individual is at least partially removed from the instructional environment. 62. The key behavioral effect of punishment by contingent removal of a stimulus is:: A decreased frequency, duration, or intensity of behaviors targeted for punishment. 63. Removing a student from the instructional setting contingent on emis- sion of a target behavior is an example of non-exclusion time-out.: False 64. The time-out room should be:: Devoid of any potential reinforcer 65. Punishment by contingent removal of a stimulus is also known as:: Neg- ative punishment or Type II punishment 66. Antecedent variables include only SD's.: False 67. Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) have:: Value-altering effects that are a function of a learning history. 68. Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) can be classified as:: Reflex- ive, Surrogate & Transitive 69. An abative effect refers to:: A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event. 70. Motivating operations:: Evoke a target behavior even if not successful at first ding so 71. Operant stimulus control has been achieved when:: A response occurs more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus, but rarely occurs in the absence of the stimulus. 72. The more similar two stimuli are, the more likely stimulus generalization will occur: True 73. Stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination are opposites.: True 74. Stimulus generalization is always a desired long-term goal of any behav- ioral intervention.: False 75. Which of the following is a stimulus prompt?: After closing the lid, Mary turns the dial to the correct cycle. Prior to the training session, Ashley painted a red arrow to the correct setting to help Mary remember where to set the dial. Mary successful sets the dial to the correct setting without any additional assistance. 76. A teacher's performance of the step by step computation of a math problem on the chalkboard is an example of what type of model.: Planned 77. How can teachers determine the appropriate levels of difficulty of be- havior to be modified?: Complete an informal assessment process focusing on observations of the individual's behavior. 78. A father's shaving motions which serve as a model for his daughter's stroking her face is an example of what type of model.: Unplanned 79. What purpose do instructions serve in imitation training?: Orient the individual toward the model and Prompt the imitative behavior. 80. What happens to non-reinforced delayed imitative responses when re- inforcement is contingent on immediate imitation.: The level of occurrence decreases. 81. Criteria to be used in identifying the first behavior to be reinforced in a behavioral shaping program?: Behavior already occurring at a minimum level and member of the targeted response class. 82. Which process is being used if the teacher differentially reinforces a student for talking in a louder voice in a social skills lessons?: Behavioral shaping within a response topography. 83. Travis has been training his puppy, Belle, to sit by the back door and bark when she wants to go outside and "do her business." First, Travis let her out, provided her with tons of praise, and gave her a treat (all presumed reinforcers) if she sat by the back door and then when outside and urinated. Then, Travis withheld reinforcement for this behavior and provided the rein- forcers only if she sat by the door and made a small noise (i.e., a whine). Now that she does that well, Travis is withholding reinforcement for that behavior and only providing the reinforcers if she sits by the door and makes a bark. What has Travis been doing?: - Shaping sitting by the door and barking when Belle has to urinate - Using differential reinforcement to teach Belle to sit by the door and bark when she has to urinate 84. When planning a behavioral shaping program, the criterion for success should be specified immediately after defining the terminal behavior.: True 85. How can a behavior analyst increase the efficiency of a behavioral shap- ing program?: - Incorporate natural reinforcers as part of the behavioral shaping program - Model the desired approximation for the individual 86. Extinction procedure should not be used with behaviors that cause seri- ous injury to the subject.: True 87. What can be done in situations where it is inappropriate to maintain the reduced level of behavior by leaving the sensory extinction effect perma- nently?: Gradually fade the sensory extinction procedure. 88. Repeatedly throwing a feather into the air and keeping it afloat is an example primarily of what type of sensory reinforcement?: Visual 89. A behavior which has been reinforced for a long period of time will be less resistant to extinction than a behavior which has produced few reinforcers.: False 90. Extinction should not be used with extreme aggressive acts because it is not as effective as with milder forms of inappropriate behavior.: False 91. One advantage to DRI/DRA interventions is that they teach new, desired replacement behaviors.: True 92. Which DRO schedule is being used if reinforcers are delivered for the emission of any appropriate behavior after each 15 second time interval?: - Fixed 93. It is important to document the consequence to be used in a DRI/DRA procedure is a strong reinforcer because it:: - Must be stronger than the reinforcer(s) currently maintaining the inappropriate behavior - Has to be a durable consequence which retains its effectiveness over a period of time 94. The difference between fixed and variable schedules is:: In fixed DRO the interval duration remains constant from trial to trial, while the duration changes in variable DRO 95. DRO is a versatile procedure which is equally effective at reducing a behavior to a lower level or eliminating it.: False 96. Non-contingent reinforcement uses only two distinct procedures: posi- tive and negative reinforcement.: False 97. Non-contingent reinforcement is also referred to as presenting stimuli with known reinforcing with known reinforcing properties.: True 98. Non-contingent reinforcement functions as a(n):: Abolishing operation 99. Function(s) for antecedent stimuli can be classified as:: - Contingency dependent - Contingency independent 100. High-p sequence refers to:: High-probability request sequence. 101. A functional analysis is comprised of three conditions: contingent at- tention, contingent escape, and alone.: False 102. Analog conditions are used in a functional analysis because:: They allow the practitioner to better control the environmental variables that may be related to the problem behavior. 103. Alternative appropriate behaviors that serve the same function for an individual:: Produce the same reinforcer for the individual. 104. A descriptive functional behavior assessment involves:: Direct obser- vation of the problem behavior in relation to events under naturally occurring conditions. 105. FBA methods can be classified into two types: 1) functional analysis and 2) descriptive assessment.: False 106. A mand is a type of verbal operant in which a speaker?: Asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants. 107. Which statement is not a reason for the slow appreciation of Skinner's work; Verbal Behavior?: - It was met with immediate challenges from the field of linguistics and psycholinguistics. - Lack of research and data supporting his theory. - Disinterest and negative reactions from the field of behavior analysis. - Skinner not responding to Norm Chomsky's negative review. 108. Formal properties of language involve the topography of the verbal response whereas the functional properties involve the causes of the re- sponse.: True 109. Verbal behavior makes a clear distinction between the behavior of the speaker and that of the listener.: True 110. The formal properties of language involve the:: Topography of the verbal response 111. A group contingency is useful when:: A practitioner wishes to change a large number of disruptive behaviors. 112. When instituting a token system it is important to include every student in the class.: False 113. The term group-oriented contingency connotes the performance of in- dividuals within a group.: True 114. When selecting the performance criteria for a group contingency:: - It is important to consider the initial performance of the group - Low performers may respond differentially to criteria as compared to high per- formers 115. Before establishing the criterion for a group-oriented contingency, the practitioner should assess the performance of several "average" members in the group.: False 116. Self-monitoring is a tactic that was originally conceived as a method of instructional assessment: False 117. This is a procedure whereby a person observes his/her behavior sys- tematically & records the occurrence of nonoccurrence of a target behav- ior.: Self-monitoring 118. Performing an undesired behavior over and over again with the intention to decrease the future frequency of the target behavior.: Massed practice 119. Antecedent-based self-management tactics involve the manipulation of events of stimuli antecedent to the target behavior.: True 120. Self-administered consequences that increase behavior include:: - Self-management analogs of positive reinforcement - Self-management analogs of negative reinforcement 121. This is the extent to which a learner continues to perform the target be- havior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior's initial appearance in the learner's repertoire has been terminated.: Response maintenance 122. A naturally occurring contingency includes any contingency of rein- forcement (or punishment) designed and implemented by a behavior analyst or practitioner to achieve acquisition, maintenance, and/or generalization of a targeted behavior change.: False 123. Faulty stimulus control is when a target behavior comes under the restricted control of an irrelevant antecedent stimulus.: True 124. A generalization map involves the combination generalized treatment effects of across time, across settings, across behaviors, and across sub- jects.: True 125. CRF should only be utilized during initial acquisition of a skill for a learner.: False 126. Behavior Analysts may compensate employees of press, radio, televi- sion, or other communication media in return for publicity in a news item.: - False 127. Harvey Lips, Ed.D. discovers that a policy of the organization for which he works conflicts with the Ethical Standards for Behavior Analysts. Dr. Lips should:: Attempt to resolve the conflict in a way that allows him to adhere to his code of ethics. 128. Information regarding a behavior change procedure should be shared only with others for whom you have to share the informa- tion.: Consent 129. A local school system asks the teacher from the special needs class- room to come and observe a child they are having difficulty with in the preschool classroom. The teacher is a certified special education teacher who has worked in the total skills classroom for the duration of her career, spanning four years. She is asked to give feedback as to what the regular education preschool teacher should do with this child who is continually disruptive in her classroom. The child carries a diagnosis of autism and is at the level of his peers in most developmental areas. The special education teacher observes for 1 hour, seeing many instances of disruptive behavior, and tells the teacher she should "time the child out" in the corner of the room with his back to the other children. What is most significant about this scenario?: The special education teacher is not qualified to consult to a case such as this given the information in the scenario. 130. "Ethics" is a fluid concept in that what is "right" and "wrong" changes over time according to cultural shifts.: True 131. Ann is a student in her local college Behavioral Education Program. Is appropriate to allow her BCBA supervisor full access to information about the students she is assigned to serve.: False 132. Ralph is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), trained in the treatment of young children with Autism. His supervisor is having a very difficult time with a high school student diagnosed with PTSD and refers the case to Ralph. As a BCBA, it is Ralph's responsibility to:: Decline the referral. 133. Which of the following should be implemented through family and friends?: Advocacy and social supports. 134. A family of a young adult with Mental Retardation and Bipolar Disorder admits to being frustrated with their son's outbursts that occur in their home and in their community. At times family members have been hurt while at- tempting to calm him.The family has had minimal supports in the home other than a few hours of respite weekly. Their positive interactions with their son are diminishing. They are asking for a residential placement, something they thought they would never do. The son wants to remain at home. What should be considered when deciding on an educational placement for this young adult?: Focus on the opportunity to strengthen natural family and community life experiences. 135. In order to gain a client's consent for treatment, which item is not a requirement?: That the client's family agrees with the plan. 136. Unplanned environmental variations which may impact the experimenters demonstration of experimental control are called .: Extraneous variables 137. An experiment has a high degree of when it shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the indepen- dent variable and not the result of unknown variables.: Internal validity 138. The experimental "mindset" of behavior analysis dictates that we be- lieve the following features and assumptions about behavior: behavior is determined, behavior is a dynamic continuous phenomenon, behavioral vari- ability is intrinsic, and .: Behavior is an individual phenomenon. 139. refers to the arrangement of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the independent variable can be made.: Experimental design 140. Behavior is caused by environmental influences. Behavior is not a ran- dom event that occurs without a cause. For this reason, behavior analysts look for the causes of behavior in order to change it. Without the belief that behavior is , there would not be a field of behavior analysis.: Determined 141. In an alternating treatments design the extent of any differential effects produced by two treatments is determined by the distance be- tween their respective data paths and quantified by the axis scale.: Vertical, vertical. 142. A reversal design would be an effective element of an experiment inves- tigating the effects of a variable that cannot be withdrawn once it has been presented (for example instruction).: False 143. An alternating treatments design should not be used with unstable data.: False 144. Behavioral means that the level of behavior observed in an earlier phase cannot be reproduced even though experimental conditions are the same as they were during earlier phase.: Irreversibility 145. An experimental technique for demonstrating the effects of reinforce- ment by using differential reinforcement of other behavior as a control con- dition instead of a noreinforcement (Baseline) condition. During this control condition, the stimulus change used as reinforcement in the reinforcement condition is presented contingent on the absence of the target behavior for a specified time period.: DRO reversal design 146. How could Mr. Simpkins use total task presentation to teach the chain involved in getting in a car and preparing to drive?: Have the students perform the entire chain and assist them with the steps with which they have difficulty. 147. What is one procedure that can be used to reduce the occurrence of an inappropriate behavior chain?: Substituting a discriminative stimulus at the beginning of the behavior chain that sets the occasion for the emission of behaviors different from those included in the inappropriate behavior chain. 148. How can a behavior analyst increase a student's rate in completing a behavior chain?: - Set a time criterion for the completion of the first step in the chain - Set a time criterion for completion of the entire chain 149. What is the single opportunity method for assessing an individual's mastery of the steps in a task analysis?: Provide the individual with a discrim- inative stimulus for the first response and then record the steps that have been mastered in sequence 150. How does the schedule of reinforcement affect the level of performance of responses in a behavior chain?: As the behavior chain becomes longer, the responses performed immediately prior to the reinforcement are strengthened more so than those early in the chain.