PYC4802 Psychopathology (2022 - Semester 1 - Assignment 2)

PYC4802 – Psychopathology 2022 – Semester 1 – Assignment 2 Question #1: According to Burke et al. (2019), ethnocentrism… a) refers to judging other people from within one’s own cultural perspective. b) encourages cultural diversity and sensitivity. c) is an important challenge in understanding the role of culture, ethnicity and race in the socio-political and economic development of diverse ethnic and cultural populations. d) is problematic when one views one’s own culture as superior to other cultures Question #2 According to African Personality Theory: a) A person exists because of other people. b) There is a powerful being that supersedes all of us. c) Ancestors play a crucial role in people’s lives by communicating with God on behalf of the living. d) The ‘spirit principle’ represents a soul that dies once outside the existence of the body. Question #3: According to African Personality Theory: a) A rupture in the connection between a person and their ancestors leads to serious chronic psychotic states. b) A rupture in the connection between a person and their family leads to organic illness. c) A disequilibrium in the connection between a person and their community leads to more benign organic and psychosomatic illnesses as well as neurotic states. d) A person is autonomous from the world of spirits. REMAINING ANSWERS ONLY AVAILABLE UPON PURCHASE OF THIS DOCUMENT Disclaimer: Extreme care has been used to create this document, however the contents are provided ‘as is’ without any representation or warranties, express of implied. This document is to be used for comparison, research and reference purposes ONLY. Directly submitting and/or reselling/distribution/reproduction any part of this document is not permitted.   Question #4: Go thwasa (Sesotho) or ukuthwasa (isiZulu) is explained by a) Growth or pain in the stomach due to sorcery/ witchcraft. b) A disorder associated with stepping on a concoction of herbs of sorcery. c) The calling by the ancestors to become a traditional healer, if ignored, it can cause illness and even death. d) Spirit possession as a result of witchcraft and sorcery. Question #5: Positive Psychology proposes a new approach to abnormal psychology which should: a) Be more integrated and reject illness ideology. b) Predict disorders in alignment with the presence of negative characteristics. c) Foster positive characteristics to treat clinical disorders. d) Promote resilience in non-clinical populations. Question #6: Keyes (1998) ... a) argues for the study of optimal social functioning of individuals in terms of their social engagement and societal embeddedness. b) provides a conceptual analysis of social well- being that consists of five dimensions i.e. social coherence, social awareness, social conceptualization, social actualisation and social integration. c) proposes that well-being may be defined along the continuums of eudamonic and social well- being. d) identified a psychological well- being factor consisting of satisfaction with life, positive affect balance and a sense of coherence. Question #7: As a strength that protects against mental illness: a) Post-traumatic growth is defined as the traumatic experiences that shatter or disrupt goals and purposes which may aid in life being perceived as meaningless. b) emotional intelligence involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide’s one’s thinking. c) mindfulness refers to paying attention to the world around us in a way that allows openness and flexibility. d) resilience is characterised by good outcomes in spite of serious threats to adaptation or development. Question #8: Positive psychology argues… a) for symptom reduction in mental illness as only one component in treatment. b) that treatment is to promote levels of well-being or build upon a person’s existing strengths. c) that the medical approach be rejected all together. d) that ill-being and well-being are understood as a continuum of experience rather than distinct categories Question #9: According to indigenous African aetiological explanations, Letswalo (Sesotho) or uvalo (isiZulu) can be described as: a) Anxiety attributed to witchcraft or sorcery. b) Growth or pain in the stomach due to sorcery/witchcraft. c) The calling by the ancestors to become a traditional healer. d) Spirit possession as a result of witchcraft or sorcery. Question #10: Ryff (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) lists the six basic elements to positive functioning as: a) Maturity, balance, productivity, purpose in life, self- acceptance, autonomy b) Self- acceptance, purpose in life, autonomy, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth c) Self-acceptance, personal growth, maturity, balance, self- transcendence, self- actualisation d) Creativity, citizenship, self- regulation, kindness, maturity, purpose in life