ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFIENCY 2
PHONETICS
TERMINOLOGY
IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonology = classification of sounds within the system of a particular
language
Organizing sounds: combining consonants with vowels = syllable
SUBFIELDS
- Articulatory phonetics speech sound production
- Acoustic phonetics speech sound transmission
- Auditory phonetics speech sound reception
TRANSCRIPTION RULES
1. Multisyllabic words: 1 syllable carries primary stress
Stressing a different syllable can lead to:
o Others not understanding
o Changing the meaning
(REcord – reCORD)
In phonetics: use ‘ before stressed syllabe (hyphen symbol)
2. Transcriptions appear between 2 forward slashes /…/
3. Syllable boundaries: indicated by full stop symbol
CONSONANTS
=
speech
sounds
that
involve closure/narrowing the
vocal tract
, CHARACTERISATION
Place of articulation Front or back
Manner of articulation How the sound is made
Voiceless or voiced - Voiced: produced with vocal
chords vibration in throat,
v,z,b,…
- Voiceless: no help from vocal
chords p,t,k,…
MINIMAL PAIRS
= pairs of words in a language that differ in only one sound
Eg. Ship – chip differ in initial consonant sound
VOWELS
= speech sound produced
without constriction of
the air flowing through the
mouth
MONOPHTHONGS
= vowel sound that doesn’t change when you pronounce it
Hi, keen, you, … = pure vowels
CHARACTERISATION
1. Which part of the tongue is
raised?
a. Front vowels (eat)
b. Central vowels (up)
c. Back vowels (oops)
PHONETICS
TERMINOLOGY
IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonology = classification of sounds within the system of a particular
language
Organizing sounds: combining consonants with vowels = syllable
SUBFIELDS
- Articulatory phonetics speech sound production
- Acoustic phonetics speech sound transmission
- Auditory phonetics speech sound reception
TRANSCRIPTION RULES
1. Multisyllabic words: 1 syllable carries primary stress
Stressing a different syllable can lead to:
o Others not understanding
o Changing the meaning
(REcord – reCORD)
In phonetics: use ‘ before stressed syllabe (hyphen symbol)
2. Transcriptions appear between 2 forward slashes /…/
3. Syllable boundaries: indicated by full stop symbol
CONSONANTS
=
speech
sounds
that
involve closure/narrowing the
vocal tract
, CHARACTERISATION
Place of articulation Front or back
Manner of articulation How the sound is made
Voiceless or voiced - Voiced: produced with vocal
chords vibration in throat,
v,z,b,…
- Voiceless: no help from vocal
chords p,t,k,…
MINIMAL PAIRS
= pairs of words in a language that differ in only one sound
Eg. Ship – chip differ in initial consonant sound
VOWELS
= speech sound produced
without constriction of
the air flowing through the
mouth
MONOPHTHONGS
= vowel sound that doesn’t change when you pronounce it
Hi, keen, you, … = pure vowels
CHARACTERISATION
1. Which part of the tongue is
raised?
a. Front vowels (eat)
b. Central vowels (up)
c. Back vowels (oops)
