TEST BANK - Prescotts Principles of Microbiology

1. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields of biology? A. The size of the organism studied B. The techniques used to study organisms regardless of their size C. Both the size of the organism studied and the techniques employed in the study of organisms D. Neither the size of the organism studied nor the techniques employed in the study of organisms regardless of their size 2. Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease? A. Fracastoro B. Koch C. Pasteur D. Lister 3. Who of the following was the first to observe and accurately describe microorganisms? A. Pasteur B. Lister C. Van Leeuwenhoek D. Tyndall 4. Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept of spontaneous generation? A. Pasteur B. Koch C. Semmelweiss D. Lister 5. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of procaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archea were begun by A. Pasteur B. Woese C. Needham D. Watson 6. The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called A. Biogenesis B. Cell theory C. Spontaneous generation D. Germ theory 7. Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called A. Procaryotes B. Eucaryotes C. Urcaryotes D. Nocaryotes 8. The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the A. Cell theory B. Germ theory C. Causative theory D. Disease theory 9. Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called A. Procaryotes B. Eucaryotes C. Urcaryotes D. Nocaryotes 10. Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very heat-resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores? A. Schwann B. Redi C. Tyndall D. Pasteur 11. Protists contain all of the following forms of life except A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Slime molds D. Algae 12. Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by A. Pasteur B. Lister C. Jenner D. Kitasato 13. Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of A. Humoral immunity B. Cell-mediated immunity C. Antibiotic immunity D. Phagocyte-mediated immunity 14. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was A. Iodine B. Ethanol C. Phenol D. None of the choices 15. Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be A. Impotent B. Virulent C. Pathogenic D. Attenuated 16. Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox? A. Koch B. Pasteur C. Jenner D. Lister 17. Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera? A. Koch B. Pasteur C. Jenner D. Lister 18. Who first proposed that yeast cells could convert sugar to alcohol? A. Pasteur B. Tyndall C. Schwann D. Busch 19. Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria? A. Von Behring B. Meister C. Metchnikoff D. Ivanowski 20. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by A. Beijerinck B. Jenner C. Pasteur D. Von Behring 21. Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects of pollution. True False 22. Viruses constitute the fourth domain of life in current biological classification schemes. True False 23. Microorganisms constitute the largest single component of the earth's biomass. True False 24. Fannie Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media. True False 25. M. J. Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus. True False 26. Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed. True False 27. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases. True False 28. Viruses are not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified as living organisms. True False 29. Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy. True False 30. Less than 1% of the earth's microbial population has been cultured in vitro. True False 31. Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease. True False 32. The usefulness of agar in solidifying microbiological growth media is limited because it does not remain solid at temperatures about 28oC. True False 33. The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first developed by Jacob Henle. True False