TEST BANK CHAPTER 11: EYES

Chapter 11: Eyes MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.Contraction of which eye structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina? a.Retina b.Iris c.Sclera d.Lens ANS: B The iris is able to dilate and contract, allowing light to reach the retina. The retina is deep within the eye and does not control the amount of entering light. The sclera is not able to dilate and contract. The lens is merely a transparent disc that acts as a focus for the retina. 2.Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary body: s voluntary blinking. es lens thickness. ates peripheral vision. light impulses to the brain. ANS: B The lens is circularly supported by a framework of fibers from the ciliary body; contraction or relaxation of this structure results in a change in the thickness of the lens, allowing for accommodation as needed. 3.The sensory network of the eye is the: a. . . a. ANS: D The retina acts as the sensory network of the eye in that it sends electric impulses to the brain that are transformed from light. The cornea, iris, and pupil act together as an opening for light to pass through the lens. 4.Retinal hemorrhages in an infant require investigation for: oblastoma. lental fibroplasia. tary tumor. abuse. ANS: D Beyond newborn age, any hemorrhages to the retina indicate infection, allergy, or trauma and should be further investigated. 5.An increased level of lysozyme in the tears will occur normally during which life stage? a.Adolescence b.Childhood c.Infancy d.Pregnancy ANS: D Because of rising hormone levels, an increased amount of lysozyme is present in tears during pregnancy. Tears are not affected by increased lysozyme at any other stage in life. TEST BANK CHAPTER 11: EYES 6.Tears flow over the cornea and drain via the lacrimal sac into the: ior fossa. rior pharynx. meatus. glossal duct. ANS: C Anatomically, the eye is closest to the nose, so tears drain from the lacrimal sac into the nasal lacrimal duct. 7.Mrs. Alden is a 29-year-old pregnant patient in her third trimester. She tells you that her vision has been a little blurred, and she thinks she needs to get new contact lenses. You should advise her to: new lenses as soon as possible to avoid complications. until several weeks after delivery to get new lenses. to the nearest emergency department for evaluation. e her diet to include more yellow vegetables. ANS: B Because of the increased level of lysozyme in the tears during pregnancy, a blurred sensation may occur but will subside several weeks after pregnancy. The blurred vision is a normal occurrence during pregnancy. It is not an emergency, nor is it diet-dependent. 8.Which of the following is a relatively benign condition that may occur during pregnancy or labor? a.Macular degeneration b.Papilledema c.Subconjunctival hemorrhage d.Cupping of the optic disc ANS: C Because of falling intraocular pressure during late stages of pregnancy, subconjunctival hemorrhages may occur and resolve spontaneously. Macular degeneration and cupping of the optic disc occur in older adults. Papilledema is never a benign condition. 9.When does the lens usually become more rigid while the ciliary muscle of the iris becomes weaker? a.At 25 years of age b.Around 35 years of age c.Around 45 years of age d.After 65 years of age ANS: C Starting at around 45 years of age, the lens starts to change and become more rigid, and the ciliary muscle begins to weaken. 10.A condition that typically develops by the age of 45 years is: yopia. opia. a. matism. ANS: A By 45 years of age, a condition known as presbyopia develops; presbyopia involves a weakening of accommodation. Hyperopia occurs in early infancy. Myopia and astigmatism can occur at any time. 11.Which of the following findings, when seen in the infant, is ominous? a.Difficulty tracking objects with the eyes b.Appearing to have better peripheral than central vision c.Blinking when bright light is directed at the face d.White pupils on photographs ANS: D The absence of a red reflex, determined by physical examination or the appearance of white pupils on a photograph, is indicative of retinoblastoma, a serious retinal tumor. 12.The Rosenbaum card is used to measure: nce perception. vision. heral distortion. ability to identify colors. ANS: B The Rosenbaum card is best used to measure nearsightedness because the patient holds the card at a comfortable distance and reads from the card. The Rosenbaum card is not used to measure distance perception because distance perception cannot be accurately measured with a card held close to the patient. Peripheral vision is assessed by an examiner with hand movements. Color identification can be measured with color cards. 13.When measuring visual acuity, you are assessing cranial nerve: a.I. b.II. c.IV. d.VI. ANS: B Visual acuity is controlled by cranial nerve II. Cranial nerve I deals with the sense of smell. Cranial nerve IV deals with accommodation. Cranial nerve VI deals with lateral eye muscle movements. 14.Measurement of near vision should be done: each eye separately. the head at a 45-degree angle. the use of primary colors. the use of the Snellen chart. ANS: A Near vision is measured with the Rosenbaum card and should be tested in each eye separately, with the patient holding the card in front of her or him at about 35 cm. 15.Mr. C’s visual acuity is 20/50. This means that he: see 50% of what the average person sees at 20 feet. perfect vision when tested at 50 feet. see 20% of the letters on the chart’s 20/50 line. read letters while standing 20 feet from the chart that the average person could read at 50 feet. ANS: D Visual acuity is measured as a fraction, in which the top number is the distance that the patient is standing from the chart; the bottom number is the distance that an average person can stand and still read the line. 16.Peripheral vision can be estimated by means of which test? a.Confrontation b.Pupillary reaction c.Accommodation d.Snellen E chart ANS: A The confrontation test measures peripheral vision. The examiner sits or stands across from the patient and asks the patient to close one eye while the examiner closes the opposite eye. The examiner then proceeds to wave the fingers while moving the extended arms from a lateral to a central position along both the temporal and the nasal fields. The pupillary reaction test is done to observe the pupil’s response to light. The accommodation test deals with the pupils’ reaction to light. The Snellen E chart is used to measure visual acuity. 17.The criterion for determining the adequacy of a patient’s visual field is: ability to discriminate primary colors. ability to discriminate details. spondence with the visual field of the examiner. nce vision equal to that of an average person. ANS: C The examiner compares his or her own peripheral vision to that of the patient while performing the confrontation test, so unless the examiner is aware of a problem with his or her own vision, the examiner could assume that the fields are full if they match. 18.Periorbital edema is: a.a sign of abnormality. ted with aging. common in males. nt in children. ANS: A A clinical finding of periorbital edema should always be regarded as an abnormal finding until ruled otherwise. 19.Xanthelasma may suggest that the patient has an abnormality of: metabolism. tive function. metabolism. marrow function. ANS: A Small, odd-shaped, yellow-colored plaques around the eyes—called xanthelasma—are actually lipid deposits and are characteristic of a lipid metabolism problem