AGNP BOARD EXAM WITH ANSWERS – UROLOGY ASSESSMENT ( 44 Questions)

AGNP BOARD EXAM WITH ANSWERS – UROLOGY ASSESSMENT ( 44 Questions) Question: In renal adaptation of the newborn, which one of the following statements is correct? The kidneys have an inability to concentrate urine and adapt to fluid and electrolyte stress. Correct In the nephrons of the kidneys long tubules enhance the effectiveness of tubular reabsorption. The kidneys are fully capable of concentrating urine and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. The kidneys have the ability to increase the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) effectively. Explanation: In the neonate the kidneys are structurally complete but physiologically immature. The glomeruli have an inability to filter and concentrate urine, therefore glucose and amino acids escape and there is decreased ability to remove uric acid crystals which give the reddish appearance to the urine. There is an inability to adapt to fluid and electrolyte stress leading to loss of bicarbonate and poor reabsorption. This puts the neonate at increased risk of metabolic acidosis. The tubules are short/narrow which causes a problem with reabsorption. The nephrons function well within a month. ADH inhibits diuresis and the immature kidney causes an increased risk for dehydration. Question: What is the most common non-skin cancer in America? Uterine cancer Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Prostate cancer Correct Explanation: Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America; 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with it at some point in their lives. In fact, nearly 60% of all prostate cancers are diagnosed in men older than 65. Question: Patients with prior hypospadias surgery who develop slow and painful urination as well as prostatitis are experiencing symptoms of: neurogenic bladder. urethral stricture. Correct benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). prostate cancer. Explanation: A urethral stricture may occur in patients who have undergone hypospadias surgery and experience voiding symptoms such as urinary retention and straining to void. Neurogenic bladder symptoms include urinary retention and/or incontinence associated with other underlying chronic neurologic conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis) or after spinal cord injury. Patients with BPH experience an increase in daytime frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence, and terminal dribbling. Prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic but can sometimes present with storage, voiding, or irritative symptoms.