IOP1501 summary – Psychological Processes in the Work context

IOP1501 summary – Psychological Processes in the Work context Page | 1 PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE WORK CONTEXT IOP1501 Exam will be based on Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (please check current Tutorial Letter 201) Figure 1: Systems Model for studying psychological processes in the work context (IOP1501 study guide pg. x) IOP1501 – Psychological Processes in the Work context – Textbook Study Notes Page | 2 Name of school Founding theorist/s Main focus Research methodology Description1 Structuralism Wundt Titchener  Consciousness  Structure of the psyche  Direct experience Introspection Self observaexperience ofeeling or thoevokes. A reomits uncon2 Functionalism James Darwin Galton  Functioning of the psyche  Adaptation to environment  Individual differences Darwin - Experiments with animals (in attempt to explain human behaviour, due to similarities bet humans & animals) Galton - compiling & applying ability tests, questionnaires & statistical techniques This theory species occsurvival or edetermined adapt to its e3 Behaviourism Watson Pavlov Tolman Guthrie Hull Skinner  Observable behaviour (Watson)  Control and prediction of behaviour  Stimulus-response relationship Study of observable behaviour by influencing and controlling stimulusresponse relationships Stimulus-organism-response. Studying an animal's or a human being's behaviour objectively allows it to be described in terms of stimuli and responses. Tabula Rasa – blank slate organisms Taylorism prstandardisattasks, moneto create proWatson beliand that humnature to en4 Gestalt Wertheimer Koffka Kohler  Wholeness of experience  Organisation of stimulus field  Meaning of the whole Experimentation Interpretation of the whole of the individual's experience Wholeness of experience: The mind combines elements into patterns or configurations which have a meaning that is not present in the elements themselves. The phi-pheexperiencedthat two flastogether altemoving betwPeople (the patterns or cmeaning thaelements the IOP1501 – Psychological Processes in the Work context – Textbook Study Notes Page | 3 Name of school Founding theorist/s Main focus Research methods Description5 Psychoanalysis Freud  Psychic content  Unconscious  Childhood experiences  Role of unconscious in mental disorders  Clinical observation  Free association Freud worked with middle class women in his research studies. Focus on unsuch as ideaindividual is Unconsciousand can bec6 Humanism/ Phenomenology Husserl Frankl  Wholeness of experience (viewing the person as a whole)  Free will  Meaning of life Reduction of experience to essentials, relevant here-and-now experiences. Focus on the human as a whole. Focus on poconsciousnehumans strivself-actualisconsiders ththe optimistiEidetic reduvisual imageof a particula7 Cognitive Psychology Various researchers in this field: Simon & Chomsky  General systems theory  How people `know'  Information processing  Input-output processes Analysis of information processing (by experimentation), as the human mind is seen to being similar to a computer that can actively process and integrate inputs General Sysfocuses on pthat are circrather than s8 Metapsychology Integrative approach  Places human behaviour and experience in a holistic perspective  Assumption is that a human is an organised whole Since this is an integrative approach, it can draw on the methods associated with any of the seven schools This approavarious conccontexts of hStudy of humphysical andwhich includ