Sophia - Human Biology - Unit 4 Milestone 4

1 In which of the following does the blood clot appropriately to prevent major blood loss? • Hemophilia • Embolism • Hemostasis • Thrombosis CONCEPT Platelets 2 What is the role of the aorta in the systemic circuit? • It supplies deoxygenated blood to various body tissues. • It supplies oxygenated blood to various body tissues. • It collects oxygenated blood supplies from the lungs. • It collects deoxygenated blood supplies from the lungs. CONCEPT Heart and Blood Flow 3 Which antibody that inhibits pathogens from binding to the body's cells is found in endocrine gland secretions, such as tears and saliva? • IgD • IgG • IgA • IgE CONCEPT Humoral Immunity 4 What might a person with chronically low blood pressure be diagnosed with? • Vasoconstriction • Hypertension • Hypotension • Vasodilation CONCEPT Blood Pressure 5 What kind of immunity involves white blood cells that have receptors for specific pathogens that changes over time and produces memory cells? • Adaptive • General • Pathogenic • Innate CONCEPT Pathogens 6 Which type of white blood cell attacks other unhealthy cells? • Monocytes • Eosinophils • Basophils • Lymphocytes CONCEPT White Blood Cells 7 What are the antibodies found in blood type B? • Anti-B • Neither anti-A nor anti-B • Anti-A and Anti-B • Anti-A CONCEPT Blood Types 8 If a transplanted organ's MHC cells don't match those of the recipient, what will happen? • The organ will change its MHC cells so as to be recognized by the recipient's immune system. • The recipient's body will block off the new organ and it won't function normally. • The recipient's immune system will change the MHC markers on the organ so that it won't be identified as an intruder. • The recipient's immune system will identify the transplanted organ as an intruder and attack it. CONCEPT Organ Transplant and Immunotherapy 9 Which of the following statements about vaccines is true? • A vaccine prompts the body's T-cells to produce antibodies against the virus. • Vaccines are non-specific, meaning they protect against a variety of viruses or illnesses. • Booster shots are a type of secondary vaccine that allow for longer lasting protection against a particular virus. • Vaccines are used against viruses, bacteria and fungal infections. CONCEPT Vaccines 10 What muscular tubes, not supported by cartilage, help regulate airflow into and out of the lungs? • Diaphragm • Alveoli • Bronchioles • Trachea CONCEPT Lower Respiratory Tract 11 Which part of the upper respiratory system is commonly known as the throat? • Esophagus • Trachea • Pharynx • Larynx CONCEPT Upper Respiratory Tract 12 Which molecule helps maintain the pressure gradient of oxygen? • Alveoli • Respiratory membrane • Hemoglobin • Endothelium CONCEPT Respiration and the Respiratory Cycle 13 Which node does a pacemaker assist? • The SA node • It acts against both nodes • Both the SA and AV nodes • The AV node CONCEPT Cardiac Cycle and Cardiac Conduction System 14 Which accurately represents bloodflow through the cardiovascular system? • Heart → Arteries or Veins → Capillaries → Arterioles or Venules → Heart • Heart → Arterioles or Venules → Capillaries → Arteries or Veins → Heart • Heart → Veins → Venules → Capillaries → Arterioles → Arteries → Heart • Heart → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Heart CONCEPT Cardiovascular System 15 This diagram shows the lymphatic system of a human. Which of these is true for the part labeled X? • It is a filtration site for lymph. • It is a production site for antibodies. • It is a maturation site for T lymphocytes. • It is a secretion site for lymph. CONCEPT Lymphatic System 16 Which cells are triggered by our immune system to destroy certain types of cancer cells? • Spleen cells • Plasma cells • Natural killer cells • Myeloma cells CONCEPT Cancer and Homeostasis 17 __________ T cells and __________T cells are two types of effector T cells. • Antibody; cytotoxic • Memory; NK • NK; helper • Cytotoxic; helper CONCEPT Cell-Mediated Response 18 Select the immune defense that is specific to adaptive immunity. • Antibody • Skin • Inflammation • Fever CONCEPT Adaptive Immunity 19 Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder? • Lupus • Allergies • Anaphylactic shock • AIDS CONCEPT Immune System Disorders and HIV/AIDS 20 Which component of blood plays a role in the immune system? • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets CONCEPT Blood