NUR2349 Exam 3 Study Guide
Define:
Acquired immunity:
immunity that develops with exposure to various antigensAdaptive immunity:
immunity that can adapt to a specific threat, or antigen
Innate immunity:
Immunity that occurs naturally as a result of a person's genetic constitution orphysiology and
does not arise from a previous infection or vaccination.
Specific immunity:
Immunity against a specific antigen or disease
Antigen:
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body,especially the
production of antibodies.
Epitopes:
the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself.
Haptens:
a small molecule that, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicitthe
production of antibodies that bind specifically to it (in the free or combined state)
Immunogens:
any agent or substance capable of provoking an immune response or producingimmunity
Primary immunodeficiency:
disorder in which one is born with a weakened immune systemallowing infections and other
health problems to occur more easily
Secondary immunodeficiency:
problems of the immune system that are not genetic and whichare caused by external factors
such as aging, cancers, AIDS, etc
Cancer:.
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue
Autoimmunity:
A misdirected immune response that occurs when the immune system goes awayand attacks the
body itself
Lab tests and values:
, Know CBC with Differential and what each indicates:
measures the percentage of each type ofWBC. It also reveals if there are any abnormal or
immature cells
-Red blood cells:
carry oxygen ~ Male – 4.32-5.72 trillion cells/L, Female – 3.90-5.03
-White blood cells:
fight infection ~ 3.5-10.5 billion cells/L, 5000-10000
-Hemoglobin:
oxygen carrying proteins in red blood cells 12-16
~ Male – 13.5-17.5 grams/dL, Female – 12.0-15.5
-Hematocrit:
proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component, or plasma, in your blood
~ Male -38.8-50.0%, Female – 34.9-44.5%
-Platelets:
help with blood clotting ~ 150-450 billion/L, 200,000 to 400,000BUN 10-
20
WBC
-Neutrophils:
40% to 60% are especially reactive to bacteria, and the number of circulatingneutrophils greatly
increases during bacterial infections.
-Lymphocytes:
20% to 40% T cells—responsible for cell-mediated immunity; recognize, attack, and destroy
antigens. B cells—responsible for humoral immunity; produce immunoglobulins to attack and
destroy antigens.
-Monocytes:
2% to 8%
-Eosinophils:
1% to 4% Their primary effector function is to release their highly toxic granules that can kill
parasites and other microorganisms.
-Basophils:
0.5% to 1% they appear to have an effect against fungus and also play a role ininflammation.
Define:
Acquired immunity:
immunity that develops with exposure to various antigensAdaptive immunity:
immunity that can adapt to a specific threat, or antigen
Innate immunity:
Immunity that occurs naturally as a result of a person's genetic constitution orphysiology and
does not arise from a previous infection or vaccination.
Specific immunity:
Immunity against a specific antigen or disease
Antigen:
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body,especially the
production of antibodies.
Epitopes:
the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself.
Haptens:
a small molecule that, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicitthe
production of antibodies that bind specifically to it (in the free or combined state)
Immunogens:
any agent or substance capable of provoking an immune response or producingimmunity
Primary immunodeficiency:
disorder in which one is born with a weakened immune systemallowing infections and other
health problems to occur more easily
Secondary immunodeficiency:
problems of the immune system that are not genetic and whichare caused by external factors
such as aging, cancers, AIDS, etc
Cancer:.
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue
Autoimmunity:
A misdirected immune response that occurs when the immune system goes awayand attacks the
body itself
Lab tests and values:
, Know CBC with Differential and what each indicates:
measures the percentage of each type ofWBC. It also reveals if there are any abnormal or
immature cells
-Red blood cells:
carry oxygen ~ Male – 4.32-5.72 trillion cells/L, Female – 3.90-5.03
-White blood cells:
fight infection ~ 3.5-10.5 billion cells/L, 5000-10000
-Hemoglobin:
oxygen carrying proteins in red blood cells 12-16
~ Male – 13.5-17.5 grams/dL, Female – 12.0-15.5
-Hematocrit:
proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component, or plasma, in your blood
~ Male -38.8-50.0%, Female – 34.9-44.5%
-Platelets:
help with blood clotting ~ 150-450 billion/L, 200,000 to 400,000BUN 10-
20
WBC
-Neutrophils:
40% to 60% are especially reactive to bacteria, and the number of circulatingneutrophils greatly
increases during bacterial infections.
-Lymphocytes:
20% to 40% T cells—responsible for cell-mediated immunity; recognize, attack, and destroy
antigens. B cells—responsible for humoral immunity; produce immunoglobulins to attack and
destroy antigens.
-Monocytes:
2% to 8%
-Eosinophils:
1% to 4% Their primary effector function is to release their highly toxic granules that can kill
parasites and other microorganisms.
-Basophils:
0.5% to 1% they appear to have an effect against fungus and also play a role ininflammation.
