NOTES (CLASS 9)
HISTORY
Chapter 3 –Nazism and Rise of Hitler
1. BIRTH OF WEIMAR REPUBLIC
o Germany fought First World War (1914-18)
In 1914, Central Power (Germany) v/s Allied Power(Russia, France,
England)
In 1917, United States joined Allied powers.
As US was strong, Allied powers won First World War.
o Defeat of Germany and abdication of emperor led to recast Germany
polity.
o National assemble → Weimar established.
o Democratic constitution in a federal structure.
o REICHSTAG (German Parliament) gave right to vote to every adult
citizen.
o Democracy was not accepted by all.
o Allied powers tried everything to weaken Germany Powers.
o WAR GUILT CLAUSE = led Germany responsible for war.
= forced to pay compensation of £6 billion.
The Effects of the War
o War led to devasting impact on Germany.
o Weimar was made responsible for all the loss and made to pay.
o People who supported Weimar Republic were called Democrats,
Socialists, Catholics.
→ Became easy target of cooperatives (who were opposed to
Weimar.) called the November criminals.
o As the because of the war, Soldiers became the most valuable.
o Media glorified men who should be strong but truth was that soldiers
lived a miserable life.
, Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis
o A revolutionary formed = Sparctist League.
o As Germany had fought war largely on loans, they had to pay war
reparations in Gold. This depleted gold reserve.
o In 1923, Germany refused to pay.
o And French occupied Ruhr to claim their coal.
o Now Germany started printing notes recklessly which led 1U.S. $=
(approx.) 1 crore.
o It became a situation of Hyperinflation.
o Then Americans bailed Germany out of Crisis by introducing Dawes
Plan.
The Years of Depression
o Stability in 1924 -1928.
o Germany was dependent on USA.
o USA in loss when Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929.
o People worried, and sold their shares quickly.
o USA income fell by half.
o Germany economy greatly affected by this.
o 6 million unemployed.
o People willing to do any work.
o As unemployment, people started doing crimes.
o Weimar Republic also got weaken.
o And defect of article 48 gave powers to president to impose
emergency, suspend civil rights.
o People were so depressed and could find solutions for it.
2. HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
Hitler’s Information
o Born in 1889
o Austria
o Spent youth in poverty
o Bad terms with his father
o In First World War worked as:
↓
HISTORY
Chapter 3 –Nazism and Rise of Hitler
1. BIRTH OF WEIMAR REPUBLIC
o Germany fought First World War (1914-18)
In 1914, Central Power (Germany) v/s Allied Power(Russia, France,
England)
In 1917, United States joined Allied powers.
As US was strong, Allied powers won First World War.
o Defeat of Germany and abdication of emperor led to recast Germany
polity.
o National assemble → Weimar established.
o Democratic constitution in a federal structure.
o REICHSTAG (German Parliament) gave right to vote to every adult
citizen.
o Democracy was not accepted by all.
o Allied powers tried everything to weaken Germany Powers.
o WAR GUILT CLAUSE = led Germany responsible for war.
= forced to pay compensation of £6 billion.
The Effects of the War
o War led to devasting impact on Germany.
o Weimar was made responsible for all the loss and made to pay.
o People who supported Weimar Republic were called Democrats,
Socialists, Catholics.
→ Became easy target of cooperatives (who were opposed to
Weimar.) called the November criminals.
o As the because of the war, Soldiers became the most valuable.
o Media glorified men who should be strong but truth was that soldiers
lived a miserable life.
, Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis
o A revolutionary formed = Sparctist League.
o As Germany had fought war largely on loans, they had to pay war
reparations in Gold. This depleted gold reserve.
o In 1923, Germany refused to pay.
o And French occupied Ruhr to claim their coal.
o Now Germany started printing notes recklessly which led 1U.S. $=
(approx.) 1 crore.
o It became a situation of Hyperinflation.
o Then Americans bailed Germany out of Crisis by introducing Dawes
Plan.
The Years of Depression
o Stability in 1924 -1928.
o Germany was dependent on USA.
o USA in loss when Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929.
o People worried, and sold their shares quickly.
o USA income fell by half.
o Germany economy greatly affected by this.
o 6 million unemployed.
o People willing to do any work.
o As unemployment, people started doing crimes.
o Weimar Republic also got weaken.
o And defect of article 48 gave powers to president to impose
emergency, suspend civil rights.
o People were so depressed and could find solutions for it.
2. HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
Hitler’s Information
o Born in 1889
o Austria
o Spent youth in poverty
o Bad terms with his father
o In First World War worked as:
↓
