Homeostasis Case Study Answers.(The part of the brain that is responsible for raising Jim’s heartrate in the Medulla Oblongata.)

Homeostasis Case Study Answers Beginning: #1. The part of the brain that is responsible for raising Jim’s heartrate in the Medulla Oblongata. This is the part of the brain that is involved in the homeostatic control of heart rate (and blood pressure). However, the part of the brain that is responsible for raising Jim’s respiratory rate is the pons. This is the part of the brain that is in control of how fast we breathe. The part of the brain that is responsible for stimulating Jim’s sweating is the hypothalamus. This part of the brain uses homeostasis to return the body back to the correct temperature in ways like cooling the body down with sweat. #2. The part of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body’s unconscious functions in the autonomic nervous system. It controls things like heartbeat, breathing, and some digestive processes. Due to this phenomenon, a part (the sympathetic part) of this autonomic nervous system becomes engaged at the start of the race because the unconscious things that the ANS controls become increased. The physiological impacts that this has on Jim’s body would include dilated lungs bronchi to supporting heavier breathing, an increased heartbeat for more blood flow, and less digestion due to the presence of adrenaline. One minute in: #1. Jim used up his available supply of hemoglobin at the beginning of the race because he moved his muscles in such a way that was exerting and vigorous in order to get the race off to a good start. Due to this change, his muscles must now use his available oxygen supply within his cells since his available supply of hemoglobin is gone in order to maintain his homeostasis. #2. Jim's muscles feel like they are burning because of the sensory information that they are receiving from his nervous system. This burning feeling comes from his increased activity and increased fatigue that are occurring due to the physical activity that he is doing. Specifically, his muscles are using his stored glycogen within his cells and the byproduct of this is the production of lactic acid. This causes the burning feeling. Halfway mark: #1. Jim decreasing the demands his muscles are making is due to his fight or flight response. Jim’s brain decreased the production of adrenaline after the first minute because his body realized that it was not in danger and that the stress it is experiencing is constant. Jim’s body does this so it uses less of its energy now that it knows it is safe. Jim himself is responsible for this probably because his thoughts have calmed down after the initial excitement of beginning the race. He is now probably focusing on how bad the race hurts his body. #2. The changes in Jim’s conditions are a result of the physical activity that he is doing that is causing his heart and lungs to work harder than they are used to. His heart and lungs are working harder due to signals from his brain that are stimulating the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. These signals ultimately increase the amount of Jim’s blood that is getting pumped which increases the amount of oxygen that his muscles are receiving and carbon dioxide that they are losing. These processes all work together to keep the body from essentially breaking. This maintains homeostasis by sensing negative feedback and pushing against it so that Jim’s body state remains relatively normal. At the finish #2. Jim is sweating more now than he was during the race because his body is attempting to cool itself off. His body will be able to cool itself off more effectively now that it is not moving and exerting a bunch of energy, so the body knows that it can now sweat more because the sweat will be more effective. Jim’s blood is being directly to the blood vessels just beneath his skin in an attempt to cool himself off. During the race, this blood was instead directed towards the major skeletal muscles that he was using to row. #3. At the beginning of the race, Jim’s glucose levels in his blood spiked in preparation for what his body was about to endure. As the race went on, the glucose levels in his blood decreased quickly because his body was using this glucose to produce ATP. The glucose levels in Jim’s blood at the end of the race was likely extremely depleted. Because Jim’s muscles were producing lactic acid throughout the duration of the race, the pH in his body got more acidic as the race went on. However, these pH levels have likely returned to normal after Jim stretched and drank some water after the race. Jims’s body temperature was elevated during the race, but returned to normal when he finished. Jim’s creatine levels dropped off at the start of the race because it was quickly used up as an energy source. Jim’s body is probably still working on replenishing the lost creatine. Back at the dock #1. In the last 10 minutes, Jim’s heart and respiratory rates have been allowed to come down because Jim’s body has had time to restore the energy that it has lost. He has had time to replenish the oxygen that he lost during the race, so now he does not have to breathe as hard to maintain homeostasis. Jim being able to hydrate also has allowed his heartrate and breathing to slow down since his body no longer depleted of its crucial resources (like water).