RN Adolescents EAQ

An adolescent who has had a leg amputated because of bone cancer begins to experience phantom limb sensations. How should the nurse respond when the client complains of pain and requests medication? By withholding the medication to help prevent addiction By stating that the limb has been removed and that the pain is psychological By acknowledging that the pain is real and administering medication to relieve it By explaining that the phantom limb sensation will subside within a few more days What is the average optimal blood pressure of an adolescent? 85/54 mm Hg 95/65 mm Hg 105/65 mm Hg 110/65 mm Hg An adolescent displaying low self-esteem complains of inflamed, red, and painful lesions on his forehead. What condition does he have? Varicoceles Acne vulgaris Open comedones Closed comedones Which Korotkoff sound represents the diastolic blood pressure in an adolescent? First Third Fifth Fourth What is the maximum recommended length for enema tube insertion in an adolescent? Record your answer using a whole number. When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what instruction should the nurse include? 10 cm pWhen teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what instruction should the nurse include?/p Meals should be eaten at home. Foods should be weighed on a gram scale. A ready source of glucose should be available. Specific foods should be cooked for the adolescent Which statements regarding acne are correct? Select all that apply. Acne is a hormonal disease. Acne may be caused by stress. Family history could be a reason for it. Propionibacterium acnes causes acne. Acne is commonly found on the face, chest, lower back, and neck A teenager is being discharged with a cast. What should the nurse recommend if the client experiences pruritus around the cast edges? "Scratch the itchy area gently." "Put an ice pack on the affected area." "Sprinkle a layer of powder around the itchy spots." "Ask your doctor for a prescription for an antihistamine." A 17-year-old adolescent was recently found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. What information will the nurse include when providing education to the family? "Your teen will need insulin injections for the rest of her life." "The most important interventions are good nutrition and portion control." "This is a condition where the body produces antibodies against its own cells." "This condition causes weight loss and increased appetite, thirst, and urination." An adolescent visits the allergy clinic because of seasonal environmental allergies, and blood is drawn for testing. Which laboratory finding indicates to the nurse that an allergic response is in progress? Decreased platelet count Increased eosinophil level Increased lymphocyte count Decreased immunoglobulin level What over-the-counter drugs are used to treat vulvovaginal candidiases? Select all that apply. Tinidazole Miconazole Clotrimazole Azithromycin Metronidazole What is the maximum heart rate of a 16 year old? Record your answer using a whole number. An adolescent girl is concerned about her body image after amputation of a leg for bone cancer. After the nurse has obtained the girl’s consent, what nursing action is mosttherapeutic? Encouraging her peers to visit Keeping her lower body covered Placing her in a room by herself Limiting her visitors to the family A 13-year-old is found to have idiopathic scoliosis. She is upset about the treatment regimen and is worried about being different from her friends. What should the nurse do to help the child maintain a positive self-image during treatment? Remind her how crooked her back will be if she refuses treatment. Help her investigate appropriate clothing to enhance her appearance. Disregard her negative characteristics and focus on her positive attributes. Refer her for psychological counseling until the treatment program is completed. An adolescent girl with a seizure disorder refuses to wear a medical alert bracelet. What should the nurse tell the girl that may help her wear the bracelet consistently? Hide the bracelet under long-sleeved clothes. Wear the bracelet when engaging in contact sports. Ask her friends to wear bracelets that look like hers. Select a bracelet similar to bracelets worn by her peers. After a teaching session a nurse determines that an adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes has sufficient knowledge of the disorder. What is the next nursing action? 90 Setting goals with the client Developing a rapport with the client Teaching the client how to give insulin injections Instructing the client how to monitor blood glucose What characteristics are commonly associated with adolescent depression? Select all that apply. Exercising daily Having suicidal ideation Exhibiting tearfulness Having poor muscle tone Avoiding previously enjoyed activities and relationships A nurse is caring for a 13-year-old child who has an external fixation device on the leg. What is the nurse’s priority goal when providing pin care? Easing pain Minimizing scarring Preventing infection Preventing skin breakdown What is the minimum heart rate of a 14 year old? Record your answer using a whole number. 60 A 15-year-old with type 1 diabetes has a history of noncompliance with the therapy regimen. What must the nurse consider about the teenager’s developmental stage before starting a counseling program? They usually deny their illness. They have a need for attention. The struggle for identity is typical. Regression is associated with illness. A nurse instructs the parents of an adolescent with asthma how to reduce the allergens in the child’s bedroom. The mother tells the nurse what she plans to do to make the room hypoallergenic. Which idea indicates that further teaching is needed? Removing a stuffed animal collection Storing off-season clothing in another room Covering the mattress with a plastic slipcover Using flat outdoor carpeting to cover hardwood floors An adolescent tries dangerous stunts on a bike without fearing that this activity could result in life-threatening injury. Which characteristic does this signify? Animism Personal fable Imaginary audience Sense of invulnerability What is the most common cause of death among adolescents? Suicide Homicide Accidents Substance abuse What is the most common cause of ophthalmia neonatorum in infants born to adolescent mothers? Chlamydia Gonorrhea Human papilloma virus Herpes simplex virus Pulse oximetry is prescribed for an adolescent. What should the nurse do to ensure accuracy of the pulse oximeter reading? Attach the probe to a finger or earlobe. Wait 30 minutes before obtaining a reading. Calibrate the oximeter at least every 8 hours. Place the probe on the abdomen or upper leg. A nurse is teaching a high school student about scoliosis treatment options. On what should the nurse focus? Effect on body image Least invasive treatment Continuation with schooling Maintenance of contact with peers The parents of a 15-year-old adolescent who is being treated for allergies privately tell a nurse that they suspect that their child is a hypochondriac. What is the most therapeutic response by the nurse? Discussing developmental behaviors of adolescents Explaining potentially serious complications of allergies Discussing some of the underlying causes of hypochondriasis Explaining that the parents may be transferring their fears to their adolescent What is the most major cause of acne in adolescent women? Stress Dietary intake Family history Hormonal imbalance A nurse concludes that the teaching about sickle cell anemia has been understood when an adolescent with the disorder makes which statement? "I’ll start to have symptoms when I drink less fluid." "I’ll start to have symptoms when I have fewer platelets." "I’ll start to have symptoms when I decrease the iron in my diet." "I’ll start to have symptoms when I have fewer white blood cells." What are the greatest risks for injury for an adolescent? Select all that apply. Poisoning Abduction Home accidents Substance abuse Automobile accidents Which of these stages is followed by the "society-maintaining orientation," according to the Kohlberg’s theory? "Social contract orientation" "Good boy–nice girl orientation" "Instrumental relativist orientation" "Punishment and obedience orientation" The nurse receives an order to prepare a solution for administering a cleansing enema for a 15- year-old client. What is the volume of solution that the nurse should prepare? 150 to 250 mL 250 to 350 mL 300 to 500 mL 500 to 750 mL Which are barrier methods of contraception? Select all that apply. Condom Lea’s shield Diaphragm Spermicidal foam Coitus interruptus A 17-year-old mother is to sign the consent for her son’s myringotomy. What should the nurse say to the mother about this procedure? "This procedure may not help." "Tell me what you know about this procedure." "Your son will need to have this done again when he’s older." "One of your parents must also sign this because you’re too young." The nurse finds that an adolescent has episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting and strenuous exercise. Which condition is the adolescent likely to have? Bulimia Anorexia Orthorexia Binge behavior Which of these behaviors does an adolescent exhibit? Temper tantrums Attempts to control situations Synchronization of moral skills Eagerness for formal education What is true about psychosocial changes observed in adolescents? Select all that apply. "They search for personal identity." "They develop their own ethical systems." "They consider themselves invincible." "They think of their parents as materialistic." "They get emotionally dependent on their parents." "But you don't understand" is a common statement associated with adolescents. What is the nurse's best response when hearing this? "I don't understand what you mean." "I do understand; I was a teenager once too." "It would be helpful to understand; let's talk." "It's you who should try to understand others." According to the Erikson’s theory, which stage describes the will of an adolescent to achieve a goal? Initiative versus guilt Integrity versus despair Intimacy versus isolation Identity versus role confusion A 15-year-old plans to go to a nightclub without informing his or her parents but is afraid of being caught. Which behavior does this indicate? Seriation Invulnerability Personal fable Imaginary audience Which period of Piaget’s theory explains self-consciousness in an adolescent? Period I Period II Period III Period IV Which period of Piaget’s theory marks the end of cognitive development? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operations An adolescent with terminal cancer tells the home care nurse, "I’d really like to get my general education development (GED) certificate. Do you think that’s possible?" What is the bestapproach for the nurse to take in response to the adolescent’s question? Refocusing the conversation on things the adolescent has already accomplished in life Trying to help the adolescent understand that this goal is too taxing and slightly unrealistic Arranging a conference with the school and encouraging the adolescent to prepare for the test Suggesting to the adolescent that this energy should be directed toward expressing feelings about the illness According to Piaget’s theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment. Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. A professor asks a student nurse to explain the stage when an adolescent has prevalence of egocentric thought. Which period of the Piaget’s theory will the nurse explain? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operations What should a nurse emphasize when teaching lifelong management of type 1 diabetes to an adolescent? Soaking the feet in hot water each day Inspecting both feet frequently for signs of trauma Drying the feet thoroughly after a bath by rubbing with a towel Treating minor cuts on the feet with an antiseptic such as iodine At what age, the pubertal growth spurt reaches its peak in males? 12 years 14 years 16 years 18 years Which is the preferred drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis in a pregnant adolescent? Penicillin G Doxycycline Tetracycline Erythromycin Which statement regarding the teenage diet is true? Adolescents are fond of healthy food Adolescents need vitamin supplements Adolescents need high amounts of calories Adolescents require low amounts of protein Which statement describes stage 4 of Kohlberg’s theory? Select all that apply. Child recognizes that there is more than one right view. Child shows respect for authority and maintains the social order. Adolescents choose to avoid a party where they know beer will be served. Individual wants to win approval and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group. Child’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules. A nurse teaches a teenager who is undergoing chemotherapy about the need for special mouth care because of the potential for lesions. What statement by the teenager leads the nurse to conclude that the instructions have been understood? "I’ll brush my teeth with baking soda." "I’ll use mouthwash to rinse my mouth." "I’ll swish my mouth out with hydrogen peroxide." "I’ll use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean my teeth." A nurse is caring for a 15-year-old adolescent who was admitted to the hospital after taking an acetaminophen overdose. The result of which diagnostic study is most important for the nurse to monitor at this time? Blood gas level Liver function tests Complete blood count Glycosylated hemoglobin A teenager with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma is to have the affected leg amputated. What should the nurse do to promote psychologic adjustment and early function immediately after surgery? Allow the client to change the first dressing. Help the client adjust to the temporary prosthesis. Assign the client to a room with another adolescent. Have the client meet with a member of a cancer survivor organization. What are the treatment goals in anorexia nervosa? Select all that apply. The development of a calorie-restricted diet plan The development of a regular exercise schedule The repairing of family interactions The reinstitution of normal nutrition to counteract a state of malnutrition The correction of deficits and distortions in psychological functioning via psychotherapy A 14-year-old teenager with type 1 diabetes wants to go out to eat with friends after a volleyball game. The teenager asks the school nurse whether this is permissible on the insulin/diet/exercise regimen that has prescribed. How should the nurse respond? "Fast foods are unhealthy, especially for teenagers with diabetes." "It would be best if you ate at home, where you can control your diet." "Go with your friends but make an effort to eat something other than pizza." "I’ll teach you how to determine the amount of carbohydrates in different fast foods." What percentage of his or her adult weight does an individual gain during the adolescent years? Record your answer using a whole number. 50% Which of these features are exhibited by an adolescent? Select all that apply. Invulnerability Personal fable Temper tantrums Attempts to control situations Eagerness for formal education Which of these statements are true about an adolescent according to Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? Select all that apply. "An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct view." "An individual’s thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." "An individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group." "An individual’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules." A nurse is teaching a 15-year-old adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about selfcare. What is the primarylong-term goal this nurse and client should agree on? Maintaining normoglycemia Complying with the diabetic diet Adhering to an exercise program Developing a nonstressful lifestyle The nurse is teaching a class about nutrition to a group of adolescents. Taking into consideration the prevalence of overweight teenagers, what is the best recommendation the nurse can make? "Join a gym." "Drink fewer diet sodas." "Decrease fast food intake." "Take a multivitamin daily." Which complication of anaphylactic shock in the adolescent client is most important for the nurse to detect early? Urticaria Tachycardia Restlessness Laryngeal edema What is the minimum respiratory rate in a normal adolescent? Record your answer using a whole number. 16 A student in high school asks the school nurse why a classmate has been absent for so long. What is the best response by the nurse? "Have you asked his girlfriend?" "I wonder why you’re so curious." "Students sometimes miss school for long periods." "I know you’re concerned, but you’ll need to ask your classmate for yourself." A nurse is performing a neurologic assessment of an adolescent with a seizure disorder. How should the nurse test cranial nerve XI? By checking the gag reflex By asking the adolescent to swallow By stroking the plantar surface of the foot By telling the adolescent to shrug the shoulders What factors may cause an adolescent to develop a smoking addiction? Select all that apply. Peer pressure Academic success Involvement in sports Imitating adult behavior of smoking Imitating lifestyles portrayed in movies and advertisements How does exercise help relieve menstrual discomfort in adolescents? Select all that apply. By reducing ischemia By decreasing vasodilation By increasing prostaglandins By reducing pelvic discomfort By releasing endogenous opiates A 16-year-old girl with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a painful episode (vaso-occlusive crisis) and has a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. She complains of pain (5 on a scale of 1 to 10) in her right elbow. The nurse observes that the pump is "locked out" for another 10 minutes. What action should the nurse implement? Turning on the television for diversion Calling the primary healthcare provider for another analgesic prescription Placing the prescribed as-needed warm, wet compress on the elbow Informing her gently that she must wait until the pump reactivates to get more medication Which stages are a part of conventional reasoning, according to the Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? Select all that apply. Social contract orientation Good boy-nice girl orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrument relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation How do adolescents establish health identity during psychosocial development? Select all that apply. By evaluating their own health with a feeling of well-being By fostering their independence within a balanced family structure By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society By achieving marked physical changes with masculine and feminine behaviors By having the ability to function normally in the absence of any disease or infirmity Which method of contraception may provide adolescents with the longest duration of protection? NuvaRing Levonorgestrel implant Spermicidal suppositories Levonorgestrel intrauterine system Which identity may fail to develop if an adolescent lacks physical evidence of maturity? Sexual identity Group identity Family identity Health identity Which statement is true regarding varicoceles? Varicoceles are commonly seen in prepubertal children. Varicoceles result in a partial or complete venous occlusion. Varicoceles result in a red, warm, and edematous scrotum. Varicoceles cause an elongation of the veins of the spermatic cord. A 16-year-old single mother of a 1-year-old infant and the infant’s grandmother bring the baby to the emergency department and report that the infant accidentally fell down the stairs. The nurse knows that a consent form for treatment should be signed. Who has the responsibility for signing the consent? The mother, despite her age No one, because this is an emergency The grandmother, because she is a relative Family court, because the mother is a minor Which drug used to treat acne has a bleaching effect? Isotretinoin Minocycline Tetracycline Benzoyl peroxide Which of these statements about pregnancy in the adolescent population are true? Select all that apply. Infants of teen mothers are at risk of delivering babies late. Pregnant adolescents often seek out less prenatal care. Adolescent mothers need competent day care for their infants. Infants of adolescent mothers are at increased risk for prematurity. Fetuses of adolescent mothers are at higher risk for chromosomal defects. A female adolescent reports excessive hair growth in the pubic region and under the arms. What may be responsible for these changes? High levels of estrogen Low levels of progesterone High levels of testosterone Low levels of follicle stimulating hormone A young pregnant adolescent reports bleeding and abdominal pain and is diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Which risk factors should the nurse look for in the client? Select all that apply. Habit of smoking Irregular menses Use of contraceptive pills Damage to the fallopian tubes History of pelvic inflammatory disease An adolescent reports scrotal pain, redness, dysuria, and fever. Which condition does this adolescent have? Varicocele Epididymitis Testicular torsion Testicular cancer Which behavior patterns may be exhibited by teenagers in their late adolescence? Select all that apply. Concealed temper Introspective nature Consistent emotions Feeling of inadequacy Intense daydreaming hat is female athlete triad? Amenorrhea in athlete females Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea Amenorrhea, an eating disorder, and osteoporosis Amenorrhea and osteoporosis An 18-year-old adolescent who was diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus has stress and reports not having a menstrual cycle for a long time. Which condition is the adolescent experiencing? Amenorrhea Primary amenorrhea Female athlete triad Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea What are the manifestations of hypoestrogenism? Select all that apply. Hot flashes Amenorrhea Gynecomastia Hypermenorrhea Reduced bone density The mother of an adolescent asks the nurse, "What’s the best way to remove a tick from the skin?" What is the best response by the nurse? "Touch the tick with a lit cigarette." "Remove the tick carefully with tweezers." "Pour ammonia over the tick, and it will shrivel up." "Spray the tick with insect repellent, and it will fall off." An 18-year-old adolescent male complains of painful urination and yellow-green mucosal discharge from urethra not associated with abdominal pain. What condition is the client likely to have? Varicocele Testicular torsion Epididymitis Gynecomastia An obese adolescent who has short stature and is hyperphagic is diagnosed with hypogonadism. Which congenital disorder may be present in this adolescent? Alström syndrome Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Pseudohypoparathyroidism What drugs are used to induce abortion in an adolescent? Select all that apply. Leuprolide Zidovudine Misoprostol Mifepristone Methotrexate What characteristics develop in an adolescent according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. The individual shows animism. The individual is able to understand the process of reversibility. The individual develops the ability to reason with respect to possibilities. The individual develops action patterns for dealing with the environment. The individual demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. Which characteristic change is observed during late adolescence stage? Changes in puberty Changes in dressing Dominant peer orientation Develops adult relationships A 13-year-old girl tells the nurse at the pediatric clinic that she took a pregnancy test and got a positive result. She confides that her grandfather, with whom she, her younger sisters, and her mother live, has repeatedly molested her for the past 3 years. When the nurse asks the girl whether she has told anyone else, she replies, "Yes, but my mother doesn’t believe me." Legally, who should the nurse notify? Police concerning a possible sex crime Primary healthcare provider to confirm the pregnancy Child protective services for immediate intervention Girl’s mother about the pregnancy test’s positive result A young pregnant adolescent is diagnosed as having bacterial vaginosis. What further complications related to bacterial vaginosis may occur during pregnancy? Select all that apply. Neonatal sepsis Cervical dysplasia Preterm labor and birth Intraamniotic infection Postpartum endometritis An adolescent girl who participated in unprotected intercourse requires an emergency contraception. Which drugs could be prescribed? Select all that apply. Uliprestel Misoprostol Mifepristone Methotrexate Levonorgestrel Which physical or behavioral signs of substance abuse should a nurse look for in an adolescent? Select all that apply. Worrying about being addicted Showing a high performance in social activities Experiencing an overdose or withdrawal symptoms Worrying about a friend or family member who is addicted Manifesting bizarre behavior or confusion Which gland secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to help control the events of puberty? Hypothalamus Thyroid Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary An adolescent wants to have bariatric surgery. What are the criteria for this surgery? Select all that apply. Regular exercise Adherence to nutritional guidelines after surgery BMI of at least 40 with severe obesity Avoidance of pregnancy for 3 months after surgery Ability to give informed consent to surgery Which statement about levonorgestrel requires correction? Levonorgestrel is an over the counter drug. Levonorgestrel is an emergency contraceptive. Levonorgestrel is taken in combination with methotrexate. Levonorgestrel should be taken within 72 hours of intercourse. The client reports excessive bleeding during the menstruation. Which herbal therapies are unlikely to be prescribed by the primary healthcare provider? Select all that apply. Raspberry Chamomile Lady’s mantle Chaste tree fruit Shepherd’s purse How does group identity aid psychosocial development in adolescents? Select all that apply. It helps them evaluate their own health. It helps them feel a sense of admiration and approval. It helps them develop decision-making and budgeting skills. It provides them the opportunity to learn acceptable behavior. It helps them lessen the feeling that they are different from their peers. Which statement about varicocele is true? Varicocele occurs most often on the left side. The left testicle is larger when associated varicocele is present. Testicular size increases with increasing duration of a varicocele. Dihydrotestosterone level increases with the duration of a varicocele. Prolonged labor is an incident very common in pregnant adolescents. Which age group of adolescents has the highest risk of prolonged labor? 12 to 13 years 14 to 15 years 16 to 18 years 19 to 21 years While performing preoperative teaching a nurse explores a young adolescent’s concern about changes in appearance after surgery to correct scoliosis. What is the most appropriate statement by the nurse? "After surgery your back will be much straighter." "You’re concerned about how you’ll look after surgery." "Many teenagers who have this type of surgery do very well." "Your parents think it’s important for you to have this surgery." What size of induration after a tuberculin test signifies a positive result in a 16-year-old client? Record your answer using a whole number. 15mm What are the common characteristics of a relationship between a middle adolescent and his or her parents? Select all that apply. Great push for emancipation Low point in the parent-child relationship Desire to remain dependent on parents Major conflicts over independence and control Emotional and physical separation from parents Which is a sign of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in an adolescent? Labor pains Abdominal pain and bleeding Abdominal pain and hypotension Abdominal pain and hypertension What are the medical concerns in adolescent pregnancies? Select all that apply. Anemia Fetal obesity Poor maternal weight gain Pregnancy-induced diabetes Pregnancy-induced hypertension A nurse in the clinic is obtaining a health history of a 16-year-old boy with a complaint of a thick urethral discharge. What is the most appropriate nursing action to help confirm a tentative diagnosis of gonorrhea? Assessing the temperature for fever Collecting a urine sample for a urinalysis Drawing blood for a complete blood count Obtaining a urethral specimen for a culture Spinal fusion is performed in an adolescent with scoliosis. What postoperative nursing intervention is specifically related to surgery for scoliosis? Log-rolling every 2 hours Checking the dressing frequently Supervising deep-breathing exercises Maintaining the adolescent in the supine position for 3 days After her child’s visit to the pediatrician a mother tells the nurse that she is concerned that an antidepressant has been prescribed for her adolescent son. What is the best response by the nurse? "Tell me more about what’s bothering you." "You need to speak with the primary healthcare provider about your concern." "Are you sure it’s not a medication for attention deficit disorder?" "Didn’t the primary healthcare provider tell you why your son needs an antidepressant?" What is gynecomastia? Select all that apply. Inflammation of epididymis of testis Suspended testis from its vascular structures Bilateral or unilateral enlargement of breast in adolescent boys Elongation and dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord superior to the testicle An unusual physical change during the growth and development of sexual organs A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a 13-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes. What test is considered the most accurate in the evaluation of the effectiveness of diet and insulin therapy over time? Blood pH Serum protein level Serum glucose level Glycosylated hemoglobin Which of these thoughts in an adolescent corresponds to a sense of "invulnerability"? "My doll will cry if I will ignore her for too long." "I need to look beautiful because everyone has their eyes on me." "If my football gets deflated, I can reinflate it." "Even if I drive my car at 120 km per hour, nothing will happen to me." Which event is considered as the hallmark of late puberty in young girls? Breast enlargement Adult type sexual hair First menstrual period Physiologic leukorrhea An unconscious 16-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes is brought to the emergency department. The blood glucose level is 742 mg/dL (41.2 mmol/L). What finding does the nurse expect during the initial assessment? Pyrexia Hyperpnea Bradycardia Hypertension Which statements are true regarding primary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply. During the luteal phase, F 2-alpha is secreted Anovulatory bleeding that occurs after menarche is painful Primary dysmenorrhea usually appears 2 to 5 months after menarche Pain usually begins at the onset of menstruation and lasts for 8 to 48 hours Excessive release of prostaglandin F 2-alpha decreases the frequency of uterine contractions Which herbal therapies would be beneficial to a client with menstrual cramping? Select all that apply. Catnip Fennel Black haw Bugleweed Chamomile An adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy has received care at the pediatric clinic since early childhood. Of which body system should the nurse perform a focused assessment to identify life-threatening complications as the child ages? Neurologic Gastrointestinal Musculoskeletal Cardiopulmonary An 18-year-old high school student arrives at the local blood drive center to donate blood for the first time. As the site is being prepared for needle insertion, the student becomes agitated, starts to hyperventilate, and complains of dizziness and tingling of the hands. What should the nurse instruct the student to do? Breathe into cupped hands. Pant using rapid, shallow breaths. Use a rapid deep-breathing pattern. Hold the breath for as long as possible. In which period of Piaget’s theory does the adolescent feel a sense of invulnerability? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operations Which genetic syndromes are mostly recognized in adolescence? Select all that apply. Down syndrome Turner syndrome Edwards syndrome Angelman syndrome Klinefelter syndrome At which stage of Kohlberg’s theory does an individual show societal concerns? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV A 15-year-old with cystic fibrosis (CF) is admitted with a respiratory infection. The nurse determines that the adolescent is cyanotic, has a barrel-shaped chest, and is in the 10th percentile for both height and weight. What is the priority nursing intervention? Increasing physical activities Performing postural drainage Maintaining dietary restrictions Administering prescribed pancreatic enzymes According to Erikson’s theory, which behaviors will a nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. Such students want to know "Who am I?" Such students exhibit the sense of care for others. Such students show eagerness to learn social skills. Such students like to pretend and try out different new roles. Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance. How does the nurse apply the identity versus role confusion stage in the care delivery of an adolescent ? Select all that apply. Advises parents to cope with the hospitalization of a child Guides parents to help the child in achieving self-control and willpower Helps hospitalized adolescents in decision-making about their treatment plan Provides anticipatory guidance to parents about the changes faced by children Assists physically ill adults in choosing creative ways to foster social development An adolescent child is admitted to a pediatric unit with the tentative diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). What diagnostic tests does the nurse expect will be performed to confirm this diagnosis? Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heterophil antibody titer Chest x-ray and blood glucose level Upper gastrointestinal series and liver function tests Serum complement (C3) activity level and urinalysis A nurse is planning to discuss the importance of following the prescribed course of treatment with a group of adolescent clients. What is the nurse’s priority consideration regarding these clients? They are in touch with their feelings and concerns. Their thinking is both concrete and reality oriented. They are involved more with the present than with the future. Their developmental goal is striving for industry versus inferiority. While providing nursing care for an adolescent undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, a nurse notes blood on the child’s pillowcase, as well as several bloody tissues. Which of the child’s laboratory test results should the nurse review? Platelet count Hematocrit level Prothrombin time Red blood cell count An adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. The nurse plans to teach the adolescent that dietary control and exercise can help regulate the disorder. What additional information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. Insulin therapy Prophylactic antibiotics Blood glucose monitoring Oral hypoglycemic agents Adherence to the treatment regimen Upon assessment, the nurse observes unilateral breast enlargement in a 14-year-old male client. The client states he has had this condition for 18 months. Which treatment would the primary healthcare provider administer? Plastic surgery Testosterones Calcium channel blockers Testing for Klinefelter syndrome Why would a nurse question an adolescent about his or her future education plans? To help identify an adolescent who feels socially isolated To give an adolescent the opportunity to talk about his or her strengths To give an adolescent a chance to talk through significant sources of stress To allow an adolescent to discuss items related to physical development What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for an adolescent child with sickle cell anemia? Teaching the family how to limit sickling episodes Preparing the child for occasional blood transfusions Educating the family about prophylactic medications Explaining to the child how excess oxygen causes sickling Which contraceptive method is 99% effective if used correctly? Diaphragm Coitus interruptus Oral contraceptives Calendar method Which statements about acne in adolescents are true? Select all that apply. Early acne occurs in the midface region. Acne is more common in girls than boys. Acne usually occurs in middle to late adolescence. Intake of dairy products can contribute to acne severity. Acneiform eruptions are predominant in young children. The nurse is assisting in sports physicals of junior high students. Which finding would prompt the nurse to ask whether a student has a history of diabetes? Clustered vesicles on the lower lip Silver plaques on extensor surfaces Cystic acne of the face and upper back A velvety darkening of the skin around the neck The nurse is conducting discharge teaching with an adolescent with hemophilia. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? "I’ll use a straight razor when I start shaving." "I plan on trying out for the swim team next year." "If I injure a joint, I’ll keep it still, elevate it, and apply ice." "If I get a little scratch, I can apply gentle pressure for 10 to 15 minutes." The school nurse presents a class on female reproduction to a group of junior high school girls. Which statement by a student after the class indicates a need for clarification of the teaching? "A girl can get pregnant before she’s had her first period." "Women with big breasts have more milk after they have a baby." "Girls lose less than 5 tablespoons of blood when they have a period." "When a girl is born she already has all of the eggs that she’ll ever have." An adolescent comes to the school nurse complaining of a 2-day history of low-grade fever, exhaustion, and lack of energy and appetite. He has been tardy to school twice in the past week. Which assessment should the nurse use to identify the possible origin of the problem? Eliciting the Kernig sign Eliciting the Brudzinski sign Checking for lymphadenopathy Checking the pupillary response to light and accommodation What nursing intervention should the nurse provide to a hospitalized individual during the identity versus role confusion stage? Choosing creative ways to promote social participation Providing information to the client about his or her treatment plan Involving the client’s partners or family members in the caring process Encouraging the client to participate actively in treatment procedures After an above-the-knee amputation for bone cancer, an adolescent boy is returned to his room. He is monitored closely because of the potential for hemorrhage from the residual limb. What should the nurse plan to keep at the bedside? Hemostat Vitamin K Pressure dressing Protamine sulfate A nurse on the adolescent unit is planning to discuss smoking prevention. What is the most effective approach for the nurse to use? Sharing personal experiences with a smoking-cessation program Showing pictures of the effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary system Presenting information on how smoking affects appearance and odor of the breath Citing statistics about the relationship between smoking and cardiopulmonary diseases The mother of a 13-year-old child with sickle cell anemia tells the nurse that the family is going camping by a lake this summer. She asks what activities are appropriate for her child. Which activity should the nurse suggest? Swimming in the lake Soccer with the family Climbing the mountain trails Motorboat rides around the lake How does sexual identity aid psychosocial development in the adolescent? Select all that apply. It helps them evaluate their own health. It helps develop masculine and feminine behaviors. It helps them feel a sense of admiration and acceptance. It helps them develop decision-making and budgeting skills. It helps them lessen the feeling that they are different from peers. What should a nurse do while communicating with a group of adolescents? Select all that apply. The nurse should ask adolescents open-ended questions. The nurse should avoid involving other individuals and resources. The nurse should avoid discussing sensitive issues such as sex and drugs. The nurse should be aware of clues about an adolescent’s emotional state. The nurse should avoid looking for the meaning behind an adolescent’s words or actions. Which oral agent would be most effective for treating severe cystic acne when this condition is unresponsive to other treatments? Tretinoin Azelaic acid Isotretinoin Benzoyl peroxide Which substance abuse involves injection of the drug to produce intense excitement, energy, boldness, and paranoia similar to that produced by cocaine? Freons Methamphetamine Model airplane cement Lysergic acid diethylamide Which appetite suppressant is used to treat obesity? Orlistat Octreotide Metformin Sibutramine An 18-year-old adolescent reports irregularity in menses. Physical examination reveals decreased blood pressure. Her mother complains that her child often fears gaining weight and has a distorted self-image. What could be the reason for irregular menses? Bulimia Anorexia Orthorexia Binge disorder During the hourly assessment of an adolescent’s intravenous (IV) line the nurse discovers that the IV did not deliver the prescribed amount during the last hour. What should the nurse do first? Increase the flow rate. Notify the primary healthcare provider. Inspect the infusion setup. Give the child a glass of juice. An adolescent client presents to the clinic with complaints of absence of menses for two months. What should the nurse do next? The nurse should ask the adolescent to take a pregnancy test. The nurse should help evaluate the adolescent’s stress factor. The nurse and the adolescent should make a proper dietary and exercise plan. The nurse should refer the adolescent to use biofeedback or massage therapy. In order to implement primary prevention of STIs (sexually transmitted infections) a nurse is counseling an adolescent. What would be the priority nursing action? Help the adolescent recognize the risk. Educate the adolescent about proper preventive measures. Provide complete information about STIs. Assess the adolescent’s sexual risk behaviors. A 16-year-old male asks the nurse about the use of condoms. He states, "I’ve used condoms in the past, but I’m not sure I’m using them correctly." What should be included as part of the teaching plan about condoms? Petroleum jelly should be used as a lubricant. The condom must be positioned after an erection has occurred. Withdrawal after ejaculation should be delayed until the penis has become flaccid. The condom should be fitted against the tip of the penis with no space left at the end. The parent of a 17-year-old adolescent who is going to be a foreign exchange student asks the nurse why the child must have a tetanus toxoid immunization instead of the immune globulin. The nurse responds that the tetanus toxoid immunization provides what? Lifelong passive immunity Longer lasting active immunity Temporary active natural immunity Temporary passive natural immunity Which finding about an adolescent may require further evaluation with a SLAP assessment? Obesity Drug abuse Alcoholism Suicidal tendency A client with a history of liver disease is found to have endometriosis. Which drug is contraindicated in this client? Danazol Celecoxib Leuprolide Ketoconazole An adolescent on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy reports hot flashes and an absence of menses. Which treatment would be most appropriate? NSAIDs Counseling Oral contraceptives Nutritious diet An adolescent who abuses opiates wishes to stop but is unable to do so. What is the most appropriate intervention? Gastric lavage Rehabilitation Naloxone administration Activated charcoal administration The laboratory findings of an obese hypertensive adolescent reveal hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia. Which condition is the adolescent likely to have? Pulmonary disease Musculoskeletal disease Insulin resistance syndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease A pregnant adolescent reports genital warts. What interventions would reduce the discomfort? Select all that apply. Take imiquimod Consider cryotherapy Bathe with an oatmeal solution Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes Use less water to clean the genitals What developmental nursing intervention should the nurse provide to promote safety among adolescents? Select all that apply. Reducing the risk of physiologic falls Guiding adolescents to make lifestyle modifications Helping parents minimize risks to their adolescents’ safety Educating parents to protect their adolescents from life-threatening disease Teaching parents to serve as role models by guiding expectations and providing education The mother of a 14-year-old adolescent complains of strange behavior by the adolescent such as sitting alone in a room, being inactive, having a sad facial expression, and withdrawing from previously enjoyed activities. On enquiry, the nurse found that the adolescent’s parents were recently divorced. What condition does the client likely to have? Depression Alcohol abuse Narcotic abuse Substance withdrawal An adolescent reports irritation in the vagina and yellowish green, malodorous discharge. Which infection is the adolescent likely to have? Candidiasis Trichomoniasis Bacterial vaginosis Gonorrhea Which condition should be suspected in a 17-year-old client in whom secondary sexual characteristics and menarche have failed to occur? Amenorrhea Endometriosis Dysmenorrhea Premenstrual syndrome An adolescent who works out 6 hours a day reports not eating well, weight loss, and an absence of menses for the past few months. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? Ask the adolescent to stop exercising for a few days. Talk to the client to find out any reasons for stress. Perform a β-human chorionic gonadotropin pregnancy test. Modify the adolescent’s diet to incorporate more nutrients. A pregnant adolescent reports discomfort in her lower abdomen and watery-to-purulent vaginal discharge. The adolescent is diagnosed with a herpes simplex virus infection. Which medication would the nurse expect the primary healthcare provider to prescribe? Acyclovir Penciclovir Famciclovir Valacyclovir A woman visits a primary healthcare provider and reports chills, severe abdominal pain, and increased vaginal discharge. Which infection does the nurse suspect the woman to have? Gonorrhea Chlamydia Trichomoniasis Pelvic inflammatory disease What clinical finding is most important for the nurse to identify when assessing an adolescent child with Reye syndrome? Macular rash Periorbital edema Bladder distention Bleeding tendency A nurse is teaching a young adolescent with type 2 diabetes about nutritional needs. Which statement demonstrates that the adolescent understands what was taught? "I can have low-fat, low-cal candy bars." "Regular soft drinks are better than diet ones." "It’s okay for me to eat one slice of pizza at a party." "My fasting blood sugar should be no higher than 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L)." The nurse suspects risk of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in an adolescent. Which statement made by the adolescent would support the nurse’s suspicion? "I am losing weight unintentionally." "I take herbal medicine for menstrual pain." "I have severe pain during my menstrual periods." "I am excited to get pregnant and can’t wait." A pregnant adolescent already diagnosed as HIV-positive with a viral load of more than 1,000 copies/mL is currently in her 38th week of gestation. Which is the best method of delivery in this situation? Cesarean section Vaginal delivery with forceps extraction Vaginal delivery with vacuum extraction Fetal scalp electrode How do adolescents establish family identity during psychosocial development? Select all that apply. By acting independently to make his or her own decisions By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being By fostering his or her own development within a balanced family structure By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society By achieving marked physical changes A pregnant adolescent seeks treatment for blackheads. Which drug would be safe for the adolescent? Tretinoin Isotretinoin Doxycycline Clindamycin A nurse in the clinic is taking the health history of a 16-year-old. When the nurse asks questions concerning sexual activity, the adolescent begins to perspire and hyperventilate. As her anxiety increases, she indicates that she feels dizzy and short of breath and that her heart is racing. What condition does the nurse identify? Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Pulmonary hypertension Hyperventilation syndrome Which topical agent would be beneficial in preventing new lesions and treating preexisting acne? Doxycycline Azelaic acid Isotretinoin Azithromycin After orthopedic surgery a 15-year-old adolescent reports pain and rates it a 5 on a scale of 0 to 10. A nurse administers the prescribed 5 mg of oxycodone every 3 hours as needed. Two hours after having been given this medication, the adolescent reports pain and rates it a 10 of 10. What action should the nurse take next? Administer another dose of oxycodone within 30 minutes. Report the adolescent’s apparent idiosyncratic reaction to oxycodone. Tell the adolescent that additional medication cannot be given for 1 more hour. Request that the primary healthcare provider evaluate the need for additional medication. Which criteria in a client must be assessed in order to diagnose premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? Select all that apply. Symptom-free period in the luteal phase Symptoms that resolve within a few days of menses onset Symptoms caused by the exacerbations of other disorder Symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, or depressed mood Symptoms that interfere with work or interpersonal relationships A 17-year-old female who reports irregularity of menses and weight loss is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which type of menstrual disorder does this client have? Primary amenorrhea Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea A primary healthcare provider suspects that a client has a chlamydial infection and orders a highly sensitive diagnostic test. Which diagnostic test would be ordered? DNA probe Culture test Enzyme immunoassay Nucleic acid amplification test Which statement is true with respect to menarche? It occurs about 6 months after the appearance of breast buds. It occurs approximately 9 months after attainment of peak weight velocity. It occurs approximately 3 months after attainment of peak weight velocity. It occurs approximately 3 months before attainment of peak height velocity. An adolescent has pain, swelling, and inflammation of the testis, abdominal pain, and occasional immobilization of the scrotum. Which condition does the adolescent likely have? Varicocele Epididymitis Testicular torsion Testicular cancer enarche is the central event of puberty in females, indicating the new possibility for fertilization. When does menarche occur in young girls? Six months after ovulation 24 months after the beginning of the development of breasts Six months after attaining peak weight velocity 12 months after attaining peak height velocity An adolescent female suffering from severe cystic acne is placed on isotretinoin. What important facts should the nurse tell the client about isotretinoin? Select all that apply. Inform the client to use vinyl helmet straps. Inform the client about the risk of teratogenicity. Inform the client that skin improvement may take time. Inform the client to scrub vigorously to remove blackheads. Inform the client to use abrasive cleansers to remove blackheads. Which identity may fail to develop if the adolescent fails to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance? Sexual identity Group identity Family identity Health identity A male client with small overgrowths on the skin in the cervical region arrives at the hospital. The laboratory report reveals the presence of human papillomavirus type 16. Which condition is associated with this virus? Balanitis Prosthitis Genital warts Penile carcinoma A nurse explains the physical sensation that a 13-year-old client will feel when a needle punctures the skin to draw blood. What instructional method would the nurse use? Analogy Role play Demonstration Preparatory instruction An adolescent with type 1 diabetes is brought to the emergency department in ketoacidosis. The adolescent admits to not adhering to the diabetic regimen. What can the nurse do to help the adolescent become more accepting of the diabetic regimen? Determine what the adolescent has been taught about diabetes. Encourage the adolescent to express feelings about having diabetes. Explain to the parents that it is their responsibility to demonstrate their acceptance. Provide the family with printed materials about the consequences of ineffectively controlled diabetes. A nurse is counselling the parents of a 13-year-old child. Which of these behaviors will the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply. Animism Egocentrism Logical reasoning Concrete thinking Imaginary audience A 15-year-old adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. What should the nurse include when teaching the adolescent about type 1 diabetes? It does not always require insulin. It involves early vascular changes. It occurs more often in obese adolescents. It has a more rapid onset than does type 2 diabetes. Which drug causes euphoria and hallucinations in an addicted adolescent but does not show any ill effects when withdrawn abruptly? Heroine Cocaine Cannabis Morphine After an assessment, an adolescent is diagnosed with a perceived inability to ingest food. Which nursing interventions would be appropriate for identifying hyponatremia? Select all that apply. Monitor vital signs Monitor fluid and electrolyte status Monitor nutritional intake and behavior Monitor for targeted daily calorie intake Monitor activities for detrimental behaviors A physician orders a nucleic acid amplified test for an adolescent client who sustained a sexual assault. Which infections can be diagnosed with this test? Select all that apply. Syphilis Hepatitis B Chlamydia Gonorrhea Trichomoniasis Which over-the-counter (OTC) drug is used as the first line of therapy for acne vulgaris in adolescents? Tretinoin Isotretinoin Azithromycin Benzoyl peroxide Which cognitive development is seen in early adolescence? Having established abstract thoughts Developing capacity for abstract thinking Exploring the ability to attract opposite sex Exploring a newfound ability for limited abstract thoughts An adolescent has pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and cyanosis. Upon assessment, the school nurse observes needle marks on arms and legs. Which drug is the adolescent probably abusing? Cocaine Narcotics Hallucinogens Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants What steps should the nurse take for managing an adolescent that sustained drug poisoning? Select all that apply. Induce gastric lavage. Give ipecac syrup to the client. Turn the head of the client to the side. Empty the mouth to clean the residue of the drug. Call local poison control center before any intervention. A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about how to teach an adolescent about his or her development capacity. Which statement made by the student indicates a need for further education? "I should use teaching as a collaborative activity." "I should use problem-solving to help adolescents make choices." "I should help an adolescent learn about his or her feelings and need for self-expression." "I should make a decision about the health and health promotion of an adolescent." A girl comes to the physician’s office for her 14-year-old check-up. What is the most important anticipatory guidance that can be offered to the client? Abstinence Healthy diet Ways to prevent accidents Correct handwashing technique After an assessment, a nurse suspects that an adolescent has anorexia nervosa. Which characteristics may have been observed in the adolescent? Select all that apply. Denying illness Seeking intimacy Being extroverted Dismissing food Maintaining rigid body control Immediately after being placed in the supine position, an adolescent child experiences shortness of breath and must sit up to breathe. What term should the nurse use to document this clinical phenomenon? Apnea Dyspnea Orthopnea Hyperpnea What instructions should the nurse give to an adolescent to prevent sexually transmitted infections? Select all that apply. "Remember to use condoms properly." "Abstain from any kind of sexual activity." "Make sure you are up-to-date with your vaccinations." "Have sexual contact only if you and your partner are monogamous." "Remember to have regular screenings for sexually transmitted disease." What is the most important nursing intervention for minority adolescents? Identifying individuals at risk for substance abuse Providing counseling to adolescents during rehabilitation Helping ensure improved access to appropriate healthcare Guiding minority adolescents to prevent injuries and accidental deaths A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to explain the characteristics of substance abuse in adolescents. Which statements by the student indicate inadequate learning? Select all that apply. "Fifty percent of adolescents have used alcohol by the end of high school." "Adolescents believe that substance abuse imparts a feeling of well-being." "Adolescents in dysfunctional families have a higher risk of substance abuse." "Adolescents believe that substance abuse will make them feel more mature." "Twenty-five percent of adolescents have tried smoking by the end of high school." A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to provide information about adolescents. Which statement made by the student indicates the need of further teaching? "Adolescents have risk-taking behaviors." "Adolescents accept their society and its values." "Adolescents consider themselves invincible." "Adolescents think of their parents as materialistic." A nurse is teaching a group of students about the characteristics of adolescence. Which statements made by the students indicate adequate learning? Select all that apply. Body fat distribution affects the adolescent’s self-concept. Accidents are the leading cause of death among adolescents. A negative body image leads to suicidal thoughts in the adolescent. The fourth Korotkoff sound corresponds to diastolic pressure in adolescents. There are fewer functioning apocrine glands in adolescent than in people of other ages. What are the considerations for bariatric surgery in an adolescent? Select all that apply. Attainment of physical maturity Failed attempt at weight loss for at least six months Ability to give informed consent to surgical treatment Agreement to avoid pregnancy for at least six months Body mass index of at least 30 with obesity-related comorbidities What instructions should the nurse give to an overweight adolescent to help him or her lose weight? Select all that apply. Skip breakfast. Sleep for long hours to reduce stress. Perform physical activities regularly. Eat small frequent meals throughout the day. Reduce the intake of sugar and sweetened beverages. An adolescent sustains a sports-related fracture of the femur, and open reduction and internal fixation with a rod insertion is performed. After the surgery, a nurse notes that the adolescent is very upset. In light of the client’s developmental level, what does the nurse conclude is the most likely explanation for this distress? The need to navigate in a wheelchair The perception that the rod is a body intrusion Inability to participate in sports for several years The necessity of medication for pain relief until the bone heals A nurse provides instructions to a group of adolescents about ways to prevent obesity. Which statements made by an adolescent indicates a need for further learning? Select all that apply. "I should avoid trans fats." "I should limit portion sizes." "I should consume a high-fat diet." "I should take highly refined starch food." "I should watch television for four hours only." How does a family identity aid psychosocial development in the adolescent? It helps the adolescent evaluate his or her health It helps the adolescent develop a sense of admiration and acceptance It helps the adolescent develop skills in decision-making and budgeting It helps assuage the adolescent’s feeling of being different from his or her peers A 15-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with endometriosis. The client has severe, acute, and incapacitating symptoms. What would be the anticipated line of treatment? Surgical intervention NSAIDs during menstruation OCP with low estrogen-to-progestin ratio Continuous combined hormone therapy and NSAIDs A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to outline the factors that predispose adolescents to substance use. Which of these statements outlined by the student are correct? Select all that apply. Adolescents believe that substance use makes them more mature. Adolescents believe that substance use will improve appetite and sleep disturbances. Adolescents believe that using mood-altering substances creates a sense of well-being. Adolescents believe that substance use will help them achieve increased levels of performance. Adolescents think that using substances will help them cope with worsening performance in school. A young woman who is receiving treatment for premenstrual syndrome visits the primary healthcare provider and reports a headache and dry mouth. Which drugs would be responsible for these side effects? Select all that apply. Danazol Ibuprofen Sertraline Fluoxetine Escitalopram During a nutritional counseling session, an adolescent says to a nurse, "I am not following my diet properly, but I know I should do it." Which stage of change model does the adolescent belong? Maintenance Contemplation Precontemplation Preparation