Contemporary Strategy Analysis 11e
TEST BANK: CHAPTER 1
The Concept of Strategy
True or False Questions
1. Strategy is a unifying theme that gives coherence and direction to the actions and decisions of an
organization.
[See p.4]
*a. T
b. F
2. The successful careers of both Queen Elizabeth II and Lady Gaga may be attributed to their
commitment to systematic strategic planning
[See pp.6-7]
a. T
*b. F
3. A key component of an effective strategy is clear, consistent, long-term goals.
[See p.7]
*a. T
b. F
4. If a firm can devise a brilliant strategy, it will be successful irrespective of how effectively it is
implemented.
[See p.7]
a. T
*b. F
5. A major problem of using SWOT analyses in distinguishing strengths from weaknesses and
opportunities from threats.
[See p.9
*a. T
b. F
6. “Strategic fit” refers to the consistency between a firm’s strategy and, on one hand, its external
environment and, on the other, its internal resources and capabilities.
[See pp.9-10]
*a. T
b. F
7. Contingency theory postulates that a firm’s strategy must be flexible enough to meet every possible
contingency.
[See pp.10]
a. T
*b. F
8. Strategy denotes an overall plan whereas a tactic is a scheme for a specific action.
[See p.12]
*a. T
b. F
9. The principles of military strategy are rarely applicable to business situations.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1
,[See p.12]
a. T
*b. F
10. Strategic decisions are important, involve a significant commitment of resources, and should be easily
reversible.
[See p.12]
a. T
*b. F
11. The main factor causing the transition from corporate planning to strategic management was the
increasing inability of companies to forecast economic conditions four or five years into the future.
[See p.12]
*a. T
b. F
12. Strategy is a detailed plan that programs the actions of an organization or an individual.
[See p.11]
a. T
*b. F
13. Strategic choices involve two basic questions: where and how to compete?
[See pp.15-16]
*a. T
b. F
14. In the large, complex firm, two main levels of strategy can be distinguished: corporate strategy and
business (or competitive) strategy.
[See p.16]
*a. T
b. F
15. When describing the strategy of a firm, it is best to ignore the current positioning of the firm in order to
concentrate upon the direction in which the firm will develop in the future.
[See pp.17-18]
a. T
*b. F
16. The dynamic, future-oriented dimension of a firm’s strategy is described by its
mission and vision statements and its performance targets.
[See p.17]
*a. T
b. F
17. The reason that a firm’s realized strategy diverges from its intended strategy is because strategy
making is, to a great extent, an emergent process.
[See pp.18-19]
*a. T
b. F
18. According to Henry Mintzberg, firm strategy should be formulated by top management through rational
deliberation utilizing all available data.
[See pp.18-19]
a. T
*b. F
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2
,19. The balance between intended and emergent strategy depends primarily upon the stability and
predictability of the organization’s business environment. The more stable and predictable the
environment, the greater the importance of emergent strategy.
[See pp.19-20]
a. T
*b. F
20. Applying the tools of strategy analysis to not-for-profit organizations is simplified by the fact that they
do not need to be concerned with maximizing profit.
[See pp.21-22]
a. T
*b. F
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The primary purpose of strategy is:
[See p.4]
a. To maximize shareholder value
*b. To achieve success
c. To ensure that all stakeholders benefit from the value created by the firm
d. To be a responsible corporate citizen
2. The successful careers of both Queen Elizabeth II and Lady Gaga may be attributed to the fact that
both:
[See pp.4-7]
a. Have used dressing-up as a means of attracting attention and establishing identity
b. Have a knack for being in the right place at the right time
*c. Have a consistency of direction based on clear goals
d. Have built a loyal fan base based on astute use of the media.
3. For both individuals and businesses, successful strategies are characterized by:
[See pp.7-8]
a. Unrelenting commitment to ambitious goals
*b. Clear goals, understanding their competitive environment, awareness of internal strengths and
weaknesses, and effective implementation
c. Meticulous planning
d. Possessing superior resources that are deployed to build competitive advantage.
4. Strategic goals should be:
[See pp.7-8]
a. Clear
b. Consistent
c. Long term
*d. All of the above
5. The main problem of SWOT as a framework for strategy analysis is that:
[See pp.8-9]
*a. Distinguishing opportunities from threats and strengths from weaknesses is often difficult
b. It has now been superseded by more sophisticated analytical frameworks
c. It is focused on strategy formulation and fails to take account of strategy implementation
d. It is so widely used that it no longer has any novelty.
6. Strategic fit refers to:
[See pp.9-10]
a. The need for a firm’s strategy to be consistent with its vision, mission, and culture
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3
,*b. The consistency of a firm’s strategy with its external and internal environments
c. The need for a firm’s strategy to be unique
d. The need for a firm’s strategy to fit the needs of all its stakeholders, not just shareholders
7. A conceptualization the firm as an “activity system” is a means of depicting:
[See p.10]
a. How a firm’s strategy should be implemented
b. The extent to which a firm’s resources and capabilities are aligned with its strategic goals
c. The extent to which a firm’s strategic goals are aligned with its industry environment
*d. The components of a firm’s strategy and consistency with which they fit together
8. Ryanair’s strategic position is as Europe’s lowest-cost airline may be attributed to:
[See p.10]
a. The willingness of its CEO, Michael O’Leary, to challenge conventional notions of customer and
employee satisfaction
b. Its use of secondary airports where costs are lower
c. The high operating costs of major airlines such as British Airways, Lufthansa, and Air France-KLM on
short-haul routes
*d. An integrated, consistent set of activities designed to maximize productivity and minimize operating
costs
9. The principal similarity between business and military strategy is that:
[See p.12]
a. They share the same objective: to annihilate rivals
*b. They share common concepts and principles
c. The nature of leadership is much the same whether in a military or business context
d. They are both concerned with tactical maneuvers to establish positions of advantage.
10. Military strategy and business strategy differ in that:
[See p.12]
a. There is no concept like tactics in business
b. Military strategy can only be learned through field experience; business strategy can be developed
through analytical frameworks
*c. The objective of military strategy is to defeat the enemy; most business strategies seek coexistence
rather than annihilation
d. None - there is no conceptual difference
11. The book that is considered as the first treatise on strategy is:
[See p.12]
a. Carl Von Clausewitz’s “On War” (“Vom Kriege”)
*b. Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War”
c. The Bible
d. Niccolo Machiavelli’s “The Art of War” (“Dell’arte della Guerra”)
12. Strategic decisions are those decisions that are:
[See p.12]
*a. Important, commit resources, and are irreversible
b. Long term
c. Are confined to the senior executives of an organization
d. Concerned with establishing competitive advantage
13. The main reason for the transition from corporate planning to strategic management during the late
1970s and 1980s was:
[See p.12]
a. The increasing costs of corporate planning departments
b. Disappointing outcomes of corporate diversification
*c. A more turbulent business environment that was increasingly difficult to predict
d. Growing disillusionment with central planning.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4
,14. Between the 1980s and 1990s the emphasis of strategic analysis shifted from:
[See p.12]
a. Corporate strategy to business strategy
*b. Industry analysis to resource and capability analysis
c. Forecasting macro trends to understanding technological change
d. Generic strategies to strategic differentiation
15. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Michael Porter pioneered:
[See p.12]
*a. The application of industrial organization economics to strategic management
b. Empirical research into the relationship between market share and firm profitability
c. The resource-based view of the firm
d. The application of game theory to competitive analysis
16. During the 21st century, the complexity of the challenges posed by disruptive, digital technologies and
accelerating rates of change have encouraged companies to:
[See pp.12-13]
a. Shift their strategic focus towards the growth markets of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
b. Rejecting shareholder value maximization in favor of maximizing stakeholder interests
*c. Depend increasingly upon strategic alliances and other forms of collaboration
d. Prefer mergers and acquisitions to organic growth.
17. The more turbulent a firm’s external environment, the more must its strategy:
[See p.11]
a. Be formulated top-down rather than bottom-up
*b. Be about direction rather than specific plans
c. Emphasize innovation
d. Rely upon inputs from external consultants
18. When a firm’s external environment becomes more turbulent and unpredictable:
[See p.11]
*a. Strategy becomes an increasingly important in providing direction for the business
b. Strategy becomes based upon intuition rather than analysis
c. Cost cutting becomes a dominant priority
d. Strategy becomes an impossible exercise
19. Strategy assists the quality of strategic decision making by:
[See pp.11-13]
a. Expanding the range of decision alternatives under consideration
b. Ensuring that strategic decisions are restricted to senior executives who possess the most relevant
knowledge
*c. Facilitating the use of analytical tools
d. All of the above
20. Which of the following is not one of the ways in which a systematic, strategy-making process improves
an organization’s decision making:
[See pp.11-13]
a. Reducing the number of choices being considered
b. Integrating and pooling the knowledge of different members of the organization
c. Facilitating the use of analytic tools
*d. Providing algorithms that generate optimal solutions to strategic problems
21. A description of a company’s organizational purpose is called a:
[See p.14]
a. Vision statement
b. Values statement
*c. Mission statement
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5
, d. All the above
22. When identifying a company’s strategy, its statements of a strategy found in its public documents need
to be:
[See pp.15-16]
a. Treated with skepticism
*b. Checked against the company’s decisions and actions
c. Interpreted using modern techniques of textual analysis
d. Checked against its statements of vision and mission
23. The primary distinction between corporate strategy and business strategy is:
[See pp.16-17]
a. Corporate strategy is the responsibility of the CEO, business strategy is formulated by the heads of
business units
*b. Corporate strategy is concerned with where the firm competes; business strategy with how it competes
in particular markets
c. Corporate strategy is concerned with establishing competitive advantage; business strategy with
strategy implementation in individual businesses
d. Corporate strategy is concerned with the long-term performance of the firm; business strategy with
resource deployment.
24. The two questions of “where” and “how” to compete define:
[See pp. 16-17]
*a. A firm’s corporate and business strategies
b. A firm’s strategic management process
c. A firm’s vision and mission
d. A firm’s values and culture
25. Business strategy defines:
[See pp.16-17]
*a. How a firm competes in a particular industry or market
b. Which industries or markets a firm chooses to compete in
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above
26. “Competing with dual strategies” refers to :
[See p.17]
a. The need to reconcile cost leadership with differentiation advantage
*b. The need to compete for tomorrow while also computing for today
c. The need to keep abreast of technological change
d. Being both innovative and efficient
27. The relationship between design and emergence in strategy making is best described as:
[See pp.18-19]
a. An interactive process between strategic planners and line managers
b. A tension between the forces of centralization and decentralization
*c. A process in which intended strategy is adapted as it is implemented
d. An example of the agency problem in which the interests of salaried managers displace the interests of
owners
29. The extent to which an organization’s strategy is determined by decentralized emergence rather than
by centralized design depends mainly upon:
[See p.19]
*a. How turbulent and unpredictable is the external environment of the organization
b. How the organization is structured
c. The commitment of the organization to experimentation
d. Whether the organization has a formalized process of strategic planning.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6
TEST BANK: CHAPTER 1
The Concept of Strategy
True or False Questions
1. Strategy is a unifying theme that gives coherence and direction to the actions and decisions of an
organization.
[See p.4]
*a. T
b. F
2. The successful careers of both Queen Elizabeth II and Lady Gaga may be attributed to their
commitment to systematic strategic planning
[See pp.6-7]
a. T
*b. F
3. A key component of an effective strategy is clear, consistent, long-term goals.
[See p.7]
*a. T
b. F
4. If a firm can devise a brilliant strategy, it will be successful irrespective of how effectively it is
implemented.
[See p.7]
a. T
*b. F
5. A major problem of using SWOT analyses in distinguishing strengths from weaknesses and
opportunities from threats.
[See p.9
*a. T
b. F
6. “Strategic fit” refers to the consistency between a firm’s strategy and, on one hand, its external
environment and, on the other, its internal resources and capabilities.
[See pp.9-10]
*a. T
b. F
7. Contingency theory postulates that a firm’s strategy must be flexible enough to meet every possible
contingency.
[See pp.10]
a. T
*b. F
8. Strategy denotes an overall plan whereas a tactic is a scheme for a specific action.
[See p.12]
*a. T
b. F
9. The principles of military strategy are rarely applicable to business situations.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1
,[See p.12]
a. T
*b. F
10. Strategic decisions are important, involve a significant commitment of resources, and should be easily
reversible.
[See p.12]
a. T
*b. F
11. The main factor causing the transition from corporate planning to strategic management was the
increasing inability of companies to forecast economic conditions four or five years into the future.
[See p.12]
*a. T
b. F
12. Strategy is a detailed plan that programs the actions of an organization or an individual.
[See p.11]
a. T
*b. F
13. Strategic choices involve two basic questions: where and how to compete?
[See pp.15-16]
*a. T
b. F
14. In the large, complex firm, two main levels of strategy can be distinguished: corporate strategy and
business (or competitive) strategy.
[See p.16]
*a. T
b. F
15. When describing the strategy of a firm, it is best to ignore the current positioning of the firm in order to
concentrate upon the direction in which the firm will develop in the future.
[See pp.17-18]
a. T
*b. F
16. The dynamic, future-oriented dimension of a firm’s strategy is described by its
mission and vision statements and its performance targets.
[See p.17]
*a. T
b. F
17. The reason that a firm’s realized strategy diverges from its intended strategy is because strategy
making is, to a great extent, an emergent process.
[See pp.18-19]
*a. T
b. F
18. According to Henry Mintzberg, firm strategy should be formulated by top management through rational
deliberation utilizing all available data.
[See pp.18-19]
a. T
*b. F
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2
,19. The balance between intended and emergent strategy depends primarily upon the stability and
predictability of the organization’s business environment. The more stable and predictable the
environment, the greater the importance of emergent strategy.
[See pp.19-20]
a. T
*b. F
20. Applying the tools of strategy analysis to not-for-profit organizations is simplified by the fact that they
do not need to be concerned with maximizing profit.
[See pp.21-22]
a. T
*b. F
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The primary purpose of strategy is:
[See p.4]
a. To maximize shareholder value
*b. To achieve success
c. To ensure that all stakeholders benefit from the value created by the firm
d. To be a responsible corporate citizen
2. The successful careers of both Queen Elizabeth II and Lady Gaga may be attributed to the fact that
both:
[See pp.4-7]
a. Have used dressing-up as a means of attracting attention and establishing identity
b. Have a knack for being in the right place at the right time
*c. Have a consistency of direction based on clear goals
d. Have built a loyal fan base based on astute use of the media.
3. For both individuals and businesses, successful strategies are characterized by:
[See pp.7-8]
a. Unrelenting commitment to ambitious goals
*b. Clear goals, understanding their competitive environment, awareness of internal strengths and
weaknesses, and effective implementation
c. Meticulous planning
d. Possessing superior resources that are deployed to build competitive advantage.
4. Strategic goals should be:
[See pp.7-8]
a. Clear
b. Consistent
c. Long term
*d. All of the above
5. The main problem of SWOT as a framework for strategy analysis is that:
[See pp.8-9]
*a. Distinguishing opportunities from threats and strengths from weaknesses is often difficult
b. It has now been superseded by more sophisticated analytical frameworks
c. It is focused on strategy formulation and fails to take account of strategy implementation
d. It is so widely used that it no longer has any novelty.
6. Strategic fit refers to:
[See pp.9-10]
a. The need for a firm’s strategy to be consistent with its vision, mission, and culture
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3
,*b. The consistency of a firm’s strategy with its external and internal environments
c. The need for a firm’s strategy to be unique
d. The need for a firm’s strategy to fit the needs of all its stakeholders, not just shareholders
7. A conceptualization the firm as an “activity system” is a means of depicting:
[See p.10]
a. How a firm’s strategy should be implemented
b. The extent to which a firm’s resources and capabilities are aligned with its strategic goals
c. The extent to which a firm’s strategic goals are aligned with its industry environment
*d. The components of a firm’s strategy and consistency with which they fit together
8. Ryanair’s strategic position is as Europe’s lowest-cost airline may be attributed to:
[See p.10]
a. The willingness of its CEO, Michael O’Leary, to challenge conventional notions of customer and
employee satisfaction
b. Its use of secondary airports where costs are lower
c. The high operating costs of major airlines such as British Airways, Lufthansa, and Air France-KLM on
short-haul routes
*d. An integrated, consistent set of activities designed to maximize productivity and minimize operating
costs
9. The principal similarity between business and military strategy is that:
[See p.12]
a. They share the same objective: to annihilate rivals
*b. They share common concepts and principles
c. The nature of leadership is much the same whether in a military or business context
d. They are both concerned with tactical maneuvers to establish positions of advantage.
10. Military strategy and business strategy differ in that:
[See p.12]
a. There is no concept like tactics in business
b. Military strategy can only be learned through field experience; business strategy can be developed
through analytical frameworks
*c. The objective of military strategy is to defeat the enemy; most business strategies seek coexistence
rather than annihilation
d. None - there is no conceptual difference
11. The book that is considered as the first treatise on strategy is:
[See p.12]
a. Carl Von Clausewitz’s “On War” (“Vom Kriege”)
*b. Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War”
c. The Bible
d. Niccolo Machiavelli’s “The Art of War” (“Dell’arte della Guerra”)
12. Strategic decisions are those decisions that are:
[See p.12]
*a. Important, commit resources, and are irreversible
b. Long term
c. Are confined to the senior executives of an organization
d. Concerned with establishing competitive advantage
13. The main reason for the transition from corporate planning to strategic management during the late
1970s and 1980s was:
[See p.12]
a. The increasing costs of corporate planning departments
b. Disappointing outcomes of corporate diversification
*c. A more turbulent business environment that was increasingly difficult to predict
d. Growing disillusionment with central planning.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4
,14. Between the 1980s and 1990s the emphasis of strategic analysis shifted from:
[See p.12]
a. Corporate strategy to business strategy
*b. Industry analysis to resource and capability analysis
c. Forecasting macro trends to understanding technological change
d. Generic strategies to strategic differentiation
15. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Michael Porter pioneered:
[See p.12]
*a. The application of industrial organization economics to strategic management
b. Empirical research into the relationship between market share and firm profitability
c. The resource-based view of the firm
d. The application of game theory to competitive analysis
16. During the 21st century, the complexity of the challenges posed by disruptive, digital technologies and
accelerating rates of change have encouraged companies to:
[See pp.12-13]
a. Shift their strategic focus towards the growth markets of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
b. Rejecting shareholder value maximization in favor of maximizing stakeholder interests
*c. Depend increasingly upon strategic alliances and other forms of collaboration
d. Prefer mergers and acquisitions to organic growth.
17. The more turbulent a firm’s external environment, the more must its strategy:
[See p.11]
a. Be formulated top-down rather than bottom-up
*b. Be about direction rather than specific plans
c. Emphasize innovation
d. Rely upon inputs from external consultants
18. When a firm’s external environment becomes more turbulent and unpredictable:
[See p.11]
*a. Strategy becomes an increasingly important in providing direction for the business
b. Strategy becomes based upon intuition rather than analysis
c. Cost cutting becomes a dominant priority
d. Strategy becomes an impossible exercise
19. Strategy assists the quality of strategic decision making by:
[See pp.11-13]
a. Expanding the range of decision alternatives under consideration
b. Ensuring that strategic decisions are restricted to senior executives who possess the most relevant
knowledge
*c. Facilitating the use of analytical tools
d. All of the above
20. Which of the following is not one of the ways in which a systematic, strategy-making process improves
an organization’s decision making:
[See pp.11-13]
a. Reducing the number of choices being considered
b. Integrating and pooling the knowledge of different members of the organization
c. Facilitating the use of analytic tools
*d. Providing algorithms that generate optimal solutions to strategic problems
21. A description of a company’s organizational purpose is called a:
[See p.14]
a. Vision statement
b. Values statement
*c. Mission statement
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5
, d. All the above
22. When identifying a company’s strategy, its statements of a strategy found in its public documents need
to be:
[See pp.15-16]
a. Treated with skepticism
*b. Checked against the company’s decisions and actions
c. Interpreted using modern techniques of textual analysis
d. Checked against its statements of vision and mission
23. The primary distinction between corporate strategy and business strategy is:
[See pp.16-17]
a. Corporate strategy is the responsibility of the CEO, business strategy is formulated by the heads of
business units
*b. Corporate strategy is concerned with where the firm competes; business strategy with how it competes
in particular markets
c. Corporate strategy is concerned with establishing competitive advantage; business strategy with
strategy implementation in individual businesses
d. Corporate strategy is concerned with the long-term performance of the firm; business strategy with
resource deployment.
24. The two questions of “where” and “how” to compete define:
[See pp. 16-17]
*a. A firm’s corporate and business strategies
b. A firm’s strategic management process
c. A firm’s vision and mission
d. A firm’s values and culture
25. Business strategy defines:
[See pp.16-17]
*a. How a firm competes in a particular industry or market
b. Which industries or markets a firm chooses to compete in
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above
26. “Competing with dual strategies” refers to :
[See p.17]
a. The need to reconcile cost leadership with differentiation advantage
*b. The need to compete for tomorrow while also computing for today
c. The need to keep abreast of technological change
d. Being both innovative and efficient
27. The relationship between design and emergence in strategy making is best described as:
[See pp.18-19]
a. An interactive process between strategic planners and line managers
b. A tension between the forces of centralization and decentralization
*c. A process in which intended strategy is adapted as it is implemented
d. An example of the agency problem in which the interests of salaried managers displace the interests of
owners
29. The extent to which an organization’s strategy is determined by decentralized emergence rather than
by centralized design depends mainly upon:
[See p.19]
*a. How turbulent and unpredictable is the external environment of the organization
b. How the organization is structured
c. The commitment of the organization to experimentation
d. Whether the organization has a formalized process of strategic planning.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6
