NR224 Study Guide Exam 3

NR224 Study Guide Exam 3 NR224 – Study Guide Exam 3 Activity and Exercise (38) 1. Health promotion and maintenance  Exercise is necessary for wellness: it conditions the body; maintains fitness; restores body to a maximum state of health; brings benefits to vital body systems (see box 38-5 below). Box 38-5 Effects of Exercise Cardiovascular System • Increased cardiac output • Improved myocardial contraction, thereby strengthening cardiac muscle • Decreased resting heart rate • Improved venous return Pulmonary System • Increased respiratory rate and depth followed by a quicker return to resting state • Improved alveolar ventilation • Decreased work of breathing • Improved diaphragmatic excursion Metabolic System • Increased basal metabolic rate • Increased use of glucose and fatty acids • Increased triglyceride breakdown • Increased gastric motility • Increased production of body heat Musculoskeletal System • Improved muscle tone • Increased joint mobility • Improved muscle tolerance to physical exercise • Possible increase in muscle mass • Reduced bone loss Activity Tolerance • Improved tolerance • Decreased fatigue Psychosocial Factors • Improved tolerance to stress • Reports of “feeling better” • Reports of decrease in illness (e.g., colds, influenza)  A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of health-related problems o For example, Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes.  Every person must have a plan of activities and exercise that enhances his physical fitness o The patient has to take ownership of the program of exercise  First, the person needs to calculate their target heart rate: o 1. Calculate the maximum heart rate:  Max HR = 220 – (age of person) o 2. Calculate target heart rate  Between 60% and 90%