MDC2 Final Exam Blueprint

MDC2 Final Exam Blueprint WHAT IS THE MASTER GLAND = pituitary gland CH: 56: Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders Diagnostics for lower GI include____? - Fecal occult blood test - Stool culture - Barium - Colorectal study - CT - Colonoscopy - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)  Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction vs. a Non-Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction- there is a link and video on this in the course materials if you are still unsure of the difference. 1. Mechanical  Adhesions  Tumors  Fibrosis  Strictures  Diverticulitis  Fecal impaction  Hernia  Volvulus 2. Nonmechanical  Paralytic ileus  Neurogenic disorder  Vascular disorder  Electrolyte imbalance  Inflammatory response  What is… 1. Intussusception – telescoping of the bowel, when a segment of bowel pushes into another segment causing it to collapse. Common in kids. 2. Signs and Symptoms a. Stool mixed with blood and mucus (currant jelly) b. Vomiting c. Lump in abdomen d. Lethargy e. Diarrhea f. Fever  Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1. Signs and Symptoms: what will you see on presentation a. IBS-D = Diarrhea i. Abdominal cramping ii. Diarrhea iii. Change in stool frequency or consistency iv. Flatulence v. Passing mucus from rectum vi. Bloating vii. Abdominal distension b. IBS-C - constipation i. Abdominal pain/discomfort ii. Changes in bowel function iii. Bloating/gas iv. Straining v. Infrequent stools vi. Hard/lumpy stools vii. Feeling that bowel does not empty completely c. IBS-A (Alternating) i. Inconsistent bowl habit ii. All symptoms of typical IBS iii. Diarrhea and constipation d. IBS-M (Mixed) i. Increased belly pain ii. Both diarrhea and constipation 2. Health Promotion and maintenance (Patient education) a. Avoid foods that trigger exacerbation i. Dairy ii. Wheat iii. Corn iv. Fried foods v. Alcohol vi. Spicy foods vii. Aspartame b. Avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, and other fluids containing fructose and sorbitol c. Consume 2 to 3 L fluid per day from food and fluid sources d. Increase fiber intake (approximately 30 to 40 g/day)  Colorectal Cancer 1. What is a common sign of when a patient has cancer? a. Change in bowl or bladder habits 2. Signs and Symptoms a. Change in bowel habits b. Bowel movement that is not relieved by having one c. Rectal bleeding with bright red blood d. Blood in stool e. Cramping/abdominal pain f. Weakness/fatigue g. Unintended weight loss 3. Diagnostics (lab)-Which of these would confirm dx. Draw arrows indicating if it the lab value would be high or low. a. Definitive test is colonoscopy b. Complete blood count = ↓ c. Liver enzymes = ↑ d. Tumor markers = ↑ 4. Complications 2/2 Cellular Regulation a. Bowel obstruction and perforation b. Frank bleeding c. Intestinal obstruction d. Poor absorption 5. Chemotherapy a. Complication: 6. Concern related to GI bleed a. What is the difference between Black Tarry Stool and Bright Red Blood? i. Black tarry = upper GI bleed ii. Bright red blood = lower GI bleed b. If there is suspicion of a GI bleed what will you want to evaluate? i. CBC ii. Hematocrit iii. Hemoglobin 7. Surgical Intervention w/ colon resection a. Post-op management i. Management of NGT: Assessment 1. NGT is used until peristalsis returns 2. Disconnect NGT for 1 to 2 hours when giving a clear liquid diet to determine if the client can tolerate it.