6700: Maternity Nursing & Women’s Health Exam 1 Study Guide
Menstrual cycle 3 cycles: hypothalamic pituitary, ovarian, endometrial (inner lining)
- HPA: releases GNRH (gonadotropin hormone) in response to estrogen &
progesterone levels at the end of menstrual cycle are dropping
What are two phases of – follicular & luteal; Phase 4 is follicular (FSH is being secreted), anterior pituitary
HPA cycle? secretes LH in second half
What does FSH do to – stimulate follicle to grow & mature
ovaries? Day 14 is ovulation (LH surge)
What hormone is – Estrogen
secreted in ovarian
cycle?
Role of corpus luteum: secrete progesterone & estrogen (more progesterone
after ovulation; estrogen before ovulation) which will thicken
Role of estrogen/progesterone: making environment suitable for implantation,
thickening lining of uterus; progesterone ensures thick in case egg released on
day 14 gets fertilized and decides to implant in endometrial wall
If no fertilization/implantation: progesterone & estrogen levels drop
4 phases of endometrial cycle: menstrual, proliferative, secretory, ischemic
ischemic: if no implantation
- Basal body temperature changes (day 1-14: lower; post ovulation: higher)
- Cervical mucus: preovulation is thick & sticky, ovulation clear & thin (egg
whites)
Menstrual Cycle Video 2 synchronized entities:
1) Ovarian cycle: development of follicle & ovulation
2) Uterine cycle: endometrium thickens & shreds in response to ovarian
activity
Menarche: onset of first menstrual period (average 20-35d)
Preovulatory: follicular phase (menstrual & proliferative)
Follicular phase 1st day of menstruation, weeks 1 & 2 of 4-week cycle
Hypothalamus secrets GNRH anterior pituitary to release FSH & LH
- After puberty, released in pulses
- Pituitary hormones control maturation of ovarian follicles which is made
up of immature sex cell or primary oocyte or granulosa cells
As estrogen hormone becomes higher more FSH/LH (1-2d before ovulation)
Menstrual Phase Average of 5d
Proliferative Phase High estrogen levels thickening of endometrium, growth of endometrial
glands, emergence of spiral arteries which optimize chance of fertilization (day
11+15 for 28d cycle)
, Secretory Phase Spiral arteries grow & uterine glands secrete more mucus
After day 15- window for fertilization starts to close
Menstrual irregularities Oligomenorrhea: infrequent menses, occurring >35d
Menorrhagia: regular cycles but excessive bleeding/longer days
oligo: scant/few Metrorrhagia: bleeding between periods (ex: 28d cycle but spotting)
-rrhea: flow/discharge Menometrorrhagia: excessive irregular bleeding
-rrhagia: abnormal flow Hypomenorrhea: bleeding every 28d but less than what it usually is
Intimate Partner Assessment/Screening: Walker Cycle Theory of violence
Violence - Phase 1: tension building
- Phase 2: acute battering incident
- Phase 3: loving contrition/honeymoon
ABCDES of caring for Alone – reassure not alone
abused women Belief – express belief that violence is not acceptable in any situation
Confidentiality
Documentation – direct quotes, objective
Education – cycle of violence
Safety – more important
Common areas for Head, neck, chest, abdomen, breast, upper extremities
abuse
Relieving Use back massages & heat application to abdomen to enhance
dysmenorrhea: relaxation/circulation
Add vegetables such as asparagus to the diet
Limit intake of salty/fatty foods
Encourage exercise to increase endorphins, reduce ischemia, dilate blood vessels
Increase intake of fruits bc diuretic effects
Menstrual cycle 3 cycles: hypothalamic pituitary, ovarian, endometrial (inner lining)
- HPA: releases GNRH (gonadotropin hormone) in response to estrogen &
progesterone levels at the end of menstrual cycle are dropping
What are two phases of – follicular & luteal; Phase 4 is follicular (FSH is being secreted), anterior pituitary
HPA cycle? secretes LH in second half
What does FSH do to – stimulate follicle to grow & mature
ovaries? Day 14 is ovulation (LH surge)
What hormone is – Estrogen
secreted in ovarian
cycle?
Role of corpus luteum: secrete progesterone & estrogen (more progesterone
after ovulation; estrogen before ovulation) which will thicken
Role of estrogen/progesterone: making environment suitable for implantation,
thickening lining of uterus; progesterone ensures thick in case egg released on
day 14 gets fertilized and decides to implant in endometrial wall
If no fertilization/implantation: progesterone & estrogen levels drop
4 phases of endometrial cycle: menstrual, proliferative, secretory, ischemic
ischemic: if no implantation
- Basal body temperature changes (day 1-14: lower; post ovulation: higher)
- Cervical mucus: preovulation is thick & sticky, ovulation clear & thin (egg
whites)
Menstrual Cycle Video 2 synchronized entities:
1) Ovarian cycle: development of follicle & ovulation
2) Uterine cycle: endometrium thickens & shreds in response to ovarian
activity
Menarche: onset of first menstrual period (average 20-35d)
Preovulatory: follicular phase (menstrual & proliferative)
Follicular phase 1st day of menstruation, weeks 1 & 2 of 4-week cycle
Hypothalamus secrets GNRH anterior pituitary to release FSH & LH
- After puberty, released in pulses
- Pituitary hormones control maturation of ovarian follicles which is made
up of immature sex cell or primary oocyte or granulosa cells
As estrogen hormone becomes higher more FSH/LH (1-2d before ovulation)
Menstrual Phase Average of 5d
Proliferative Phase High estrogen levels thickening of endometrium, growth of endometrial
glands, emergence of spiral arteries which optimize chance of fertilization (day
11+15 for 28d cycle)
, Secretory Phase Spiral arteries grow & uterine glands secrete more mucus
After day 15- window for fertilization starts to close
Menstrual irregularities Oligomenorrhea: infrequent menses, occurring >35d
Menorrhagia: regular cycles but excessive bleeding/longer days
oligo: scant/few Metrorrhagia: bleeding between periods (ex: 28d cycle but spotting)
-rrhea: flow/discharge Menometrorrhagia: excessive irregular bleeding
-rrhagia: abnormal flow Hypomenorrhea: bleeding every 28d but less than what it usually is
Intimate Partner Assessment/Screening: Walker Cycle Theory of violence
Violence - Phase 1: tension building
- Phase 2: acute battering incident
- Phase 3: loving contrition/honeymoon
ABCDES of caring for Alone – reassure not alone
abused women Belief – express belief that violence is not acceptable in any situation
Confidentiality
Documentation – direct quotes, objective
Education – cycle of violence
Safety – more important
Common areas for Head, neck, chest, abdomen, breast, upper extremities
abuse
Relieving Use back massages & heat application to abdomen to enhance
dysmenorrhea: relaxation/circulation
Add vegetables such as asparagus to the diet
Limit intake of salty/fatty foods
Encourage exercise to increase endorphins, reduce ischemia, dilate blood vessels
Increase intake of fruits bc diuretic effects
