Content
Week 1…………………………………………………………………………………..…….2
Papworth & Marrinan CH1: Introduction……………………………………………………...2
Papworth & Marrinan CH2: The role of the LICBT practitioner……………………………….3
Papworth & Marrinan CH7: Behaviour change and client engagement………………………..4
Flynn (2011): Setting the stage for the integration of motivational interviewing with cognitive
behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression…………………………….………………..6
Papworth & Marrinan CH4: The therapeutic relationship……………………………………6
Andersson et al. (2019): Internet-delivered psychological treatments; From innovation to
implementation………………………………………………………………………………...7
Week 2………………………………………………………………………………………...7
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 255-261): Treatment strategies………………………………7
Cuijpers et al. (2018): Problem-solving therapy for adult depression………………………….8
Week 3………………………………………………………………………………………...8
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 265-271): Treatment strategies………………………………8
Krystal et al. (2019): The assessment and management of insomnia…………………………...9
Week 4……………………………………………………………………………………...10
Van der Spek et al. (2017): Efficacy of meaning-centred group psychotherapy for cancer
survivors………………………………………….…………………………………………..10
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 232-238): Treatment strategies……………………………10
Ciharova et al. (2021): Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation and cognitive behavioral
therapy in the treatment of adult depression…………………………………………………..11
Week 5……………………………………………………………………………………….12
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 238-248): Treatment strategies……………………………12
Boeldt et al. (2019): Using virtual reality exposure therapy to enhance treatment of anxiety
disorders……………………………………………………………………………………...12
Week 6……………………………………………………………………………………….13
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 223-232): Treatment strategies……………………………..13
Richards et al. (2016): Cost and outcome of behavioural activation versus cognitive
behavioural therapy for depression (COBRA)………………………………………………..13
Week 7……………………………………………………………………………………….14
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (worry time): Treatment strategies……………………………..14
Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (2008): Rethinking rumination………………………………………14
1
, Week 1
Papworth & Marrinan CH1: Introduction
Low intensity cognitive behavioral therapy (LICBT) is a form of cognitive-behavioural
therapy (CBT) suitable for treating mild to moderate common mental problems. Recently, it
has also been increasingly used to help clients to deal with long-term physical complaints.
CBT is designed to modify maladaptive cognitions that sustain psychological distress.
CBT arose in response to psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which addresses unconscious
conflicts. These conflicts arise from the different needs of the id, ego and superego. The id
consists of basic impulses and drives, such as eating and sexual behaviour. The superego is
the ethical component and consists of norms and values that are taught by society. The ego
acts as a manager in between by finding a compromise between the needs of the id, the
superego and the outside world. The ego pushes conflicts between the id and superego into
the unconscious when these spiral out of control. This can lead to psychological complaints.
A psychoanalyst helps clients by making them aware of unconscious conflicts.
Psychoanalytic techniques include free association and dream analysis.
Aaron Beck was originally a psychoanalyst. During free association sessions, he found that
his clients often worried about what he thought of them. He found out that people with
depressive symptoms suffered from these types of thoughts just as much in daily life and that
these thoughts were often irrational. He called these thoughts negative automatic thoughts.
By asking clients certain questions (e.g., 'what is the evidence for…'), he tried to correct
these thoughts. The depressive symptoms quickly improved as Beck's clients learned to gain
an alternative perspective on their negative automatic thoughts.
CBT is also related to behaviourism. Pavlov and Skinner came up with classical and
operant conditioning. Certain mental problems can also be learned. For example, a specific
phobia may have arisen through classical conditioning and be maintained through operant
conditioning. Deconditioning (systematic desensitization) can therefore be used in the
treatment of a specific phobia.
Beck's cognitive approach and Pavlov's and Skinner's behavioural approach come together
to form CBT. While psychoanalytic psychotherapy mainly focuses on the client's past, CBT
focuses on the present (how complaints are maintained). Another major difference with the
psychoanalytic approach is that CBT is operationalized fairly precisely. This ensures that
different counsellors can all perform CBT in the same way. In addition, the collaboration
between client and counsellor is important in CBT. For example, the care provider shares
information about CBT and the client shares information about the complaints. The
counsellor sets goals together with the client. The counsellor does not give suggestions or
instruct. Instead, the counsellor asks specific questions that help the client gain insight into
possible solutions.
LICBT stems from traditional, or high intensity, cognitive behavioural therapy
(HICBT). Like HICBT, LICBT is focused on the present, LICBT is structured and LICBT is
characterized by a collaboration between client and counsellor. One major difference,
however, is that LICBT usually consists of only six to eight sessions, each lasting about 30
minutes. LICBT can also be offered in groups. In addition, LICBT uses self-help material
and digital programs. Finally, LICBT is specifically intended for people who are in the
early development of psychological complaints. By offering these people LICBT, the
problems will not develop further.
2
Week 1…………………………………………………………………………………..…….2
Papworth & Marrinan CH1: Introduction……………………………………………………...2
Papworth & Marrinan CH2: The role of the LICBT practitioner……………………………….3
Papworth & Marrinan CH7: Behaviour change and client engagement………………………..4
Flynn (2011): Setting the stage for the integration of motivational interviewing with cognitive
behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression…………………………….………………..6
Papworth & Marrinan CH4: The therapeutic relationship……………………………………6
Andersson et al. (2019): Internet-delivered psychological treatments; From innovation to
implementation………………………………………………………………………………...7
Week 2………………………………………………………………………………………...7
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 255-261): Treatment strategies………………………………7
Cuijpers et al. (2018): Problem-solving therapy for adult depression………………………….8
Week 3………………………………………………………………………………………...8
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 265-271): Treatment strategies………………………………8
Krystal et al. (2019): The assessment and management of insomnia…………………………...9
Week 4……………………………………………………………………………………...10
Van der Spek et al. (2017): Efficacy of meaning-centred group psychotherapy for cancer
survivors………………………………………….…………………………………………..10
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 232-238): Treatment strategies……………………………10
Ciharova et al. (2021): Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation and cognitive behavioral
therapy in the treatment of adult depression…………………………………………………..11
Week 5……………………………………………………………………………………….12
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 238-248): Treatment strategies……………………………12
Boeldt et al. (2019): Using virtual reality exposure therapy to enhance treatment of anxiety
disorders……………………………………………………………………………………...12
Week 6……………………………………………………………………………………….13
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (p. 223-232): Treatment strategies……………………………..13
Richards et al. (2016): Cost and outcome of behavioural activation versus cognitive
behavioural therapy for depression (COBRA)………………………………………………..13
Week 7……………………………………………………………………………………….14
Papworth & Marrinan CH10 (worry time): Treatment strategies……………………………..14
Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (2008): Rethinking rumination………………………………………14
1
, Week 1
Papworth & Marrinan CH1: Introduction
Low intensity cognitive behavioral therapy (LICBT) is a form of cognitive-behavioural
therapy (CBT) suitable for treating mild to moderate common mental problems. Recently, it
has also been increasingly used to help clients to deal with long-term physical complaints.
CBT is designed to modify maladaptive cognitions that sustain psychological distress.
CBT arose in response to psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which addresses unconscious
conflicts. These conflicts arise from the different needs of the id, ego and superego. The id
consists of basic impulses and drives, such as eating and sexual behaviour. The superego is
the ethical component and consists of norms and values that are taught by society. The ego
acts as a manager in between by finding a compromise between the needs of the id, the
superego and the outside world. The ego pushes conflicts between the id and superego into
the unconscious when these spiral out of control. This can lead to psychological complaints.
A psychoanalyst helps clients by making them aware of unconscious conflicts.
Psychoanalytic techniques include free association and dream analysis.
Aaron Beck was originally a psychoanalyst. During free association sessions, he found that
his clients often worried about what he thought of them. He found out that people with
depressive symptoms suffered from these types of thoughts just as much in daily life and that
these thoughts were often irrational. He called these thoughts negative automatic thoughts.
By asking clients certain questions (e.g., 'what is the evidence for…'), he tried to correct
these thoughts. The depressive symptoms quickly improved as Beck's clients learned to gain
an alternative perspective on their negative automatic thoughts.
CBT is also related to behaviourism. Pavlov and Skinner came up with classical and
operant conditioning. Certain mental problems can also be learned. For example, a specific
phobia may have arisen through classical conditioning and be maintained through operant
conditioning. Deconditioning (systematic desensitization) can therefore be used in the
treatment of a specific phobia.
Beck's cognitive approach and Pavlov's and Skinner's behavioural approach come together
to form CBT. While psychoanalytic psychotherapy mainly focuses on the client's past, CBT
focuses on the present (how complaints are maintained). Another major difference with the
psychoanalytic approach is that CBT is operationalized fairly precisely. This ensures that
different counsellors can all perform CBT in the same way. In addition, the collaboration
between client and counsellor is important in CBT. For example, the care provider shares
information about CBT and the client shares information about the complaints. The
counsellor sets goals together with the client. The counsellor does not give suggestions or
instruct. Instead, the counsellor asks specific questions that help the client gain insight into
possible solutions.
LICBT stems from traditional, or high intensity, cognitive behavioural therapy
(HICBT). Like HICBT, LICBT is focused on the present, LICBT is structured and LICBT is
characterized by a collaboration between client and counsellor. One major difference,
however, is that LICBT usually consists of only six to eight sessions, each lasting about 30
minutes. LICBT can also be offered in groups. In addition, LICBT uses self-help material
and digital programs. Finally, LICBT is specifically intended for people who are in the
early development of psychological complaints. By offering these people LICBT, the
problems will not develop further.
2
