World History
WW1, Revolution and Nationalism, Great Depression, WW2
Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe
China Resists Outside Influence
● Self-sufficient
● Mining and manufacturing industries
● China had little interest in trading with the West
● Guangzhou port
● Opium from poppy plant
● Qing emperor was angry about the situation.
● Opium war
○ Chinese suffered a humiliating defeat
○ Signed a peace treaty: Treaty of Nanjing
● The treaty gave Britain the island of Hong Kong
● Extraterritorial rights
● Taiping Rebellion
○ Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
○ Xiuquan
○ Organized a peasant army
○ Internal and outside assaults brought down the Taiping government
● Dowager Empress Cixi supported certain reforms
○ Self-strengthening movements
● Sphere of influence
○ Area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment
● Open Door Policy
○ China be open to merchants of all nations
● Guangxu
○ Modernization of China
○ Was placed under arrest by the Empress
● Boxer Rebellion
○ Campaign against the empress’ rule and foreigner privilege
○ Was supported by the empress but did not back her words with military aid
○ A multinational force defeated the Boxers
○ Strong sense of nationalism
● The Empress sent a select group of officials on a world tour to study the operation of
different governments.
● Based their government on the constitutional monarchy of Japan
Modernization in Japan
● Japan in isolation
● US Commodore Matthew Perry brought 4 ships to Tokyo Harbor
, ● This astounded the Japanese and the Tokugawa shogun realized he had no choice but to
receive Perry
○ Treaty of Kanagawa
● Other westerners followed with sphere of influences.
● Mutsuhiko
○ Meiji Era or enlightened rule
● Modernization
● Germany’s strong centralized government
● Modernized their army
● American system of universal public education
● Industrialization
● Railroad
● Coal production
● Strongest military power in Asia
● Eliminate extraterritorial rights of foreigners
● Korea
○ Chino-Japanese War
○ Trading spot in Korea
○ Hands-off agreement but China broke it
○ Japan gained a foothold in Manchuria
● Russia
○ Japan would recognize Russia’s rights to Manchuria if Russians stay out of Korea.
○ Japan launched a surprise attack to Russia
○ Treaty of Portsmouth gave Japan the captured territories
○ Russia withdrew from Manchuria and Korea
● Made Korea a protectorate
● Grabbed more and more power
● Korean annexation
● Harsh ruling
US Economic Imperialism
● Latin Americans working for large landowners
● Wages were low and prices were high, workers went into debt
● Peonage
○ “Free” workers were little better than slaves
● Unequal distribution of land
● Caudillos or military dictators in Latin America
○ Juan Vicente Gomez in Venezuela
○ Domingo Sarmiento in Argentina
○ Little to no opposition
● Depending on exports
● Advancements in technology
○ Refrigeration
, ● Unindustrialized
● Unable to pay back their debts
● Monroe Doctrine
○ Nations are not to be considered as subjects for future colonizations
● Cuba
○ Jose Marti continued to fight for independence
○ US joined the Cuban war for independence
○ Spanish-American War
○ US attacked at the Ph
■ Unable to fight in 2 fronts
○ US intervention in Cuba
○ Spain lost its remaining territories: Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
● US helped the Panamians broke from Colombia
● As gratitude, they gave a 10-mile wide zone in which to build their canal
○ Panama Canal
● Roosevelt Corollary
○ International police power
Turmoil and Change in Mexico
● Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
○ Fight for independence in Mexico
● Mexico encouraged American citizens to move to Texas
● Pledged to follow the laws
● Tensions between the Anglos and Mexico
● Texas colonists wanted self-government
● Stephen Austin, a leading Anglo, encouraged a revolt
● Santa Anna was defeated and ousted from power
● He came back and fought against US again
● US annexed Texas and Mexians considered this an act of aggression
● Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
○ US received third of Mexico
WW1, Revolution and Nationalism, Great Depression, WW2
Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe
China Resists Outside Influence
● Self-sufficient
● Mining and manufacturing industries
● China had little interest in trading with the West
● Guangzhou port
● Opium from poppy plant
● Qing emperor was angry about the situation.
● Opium war
○ Chinese suffered a humiliating defeat
○ Signed a peace treaty: Treaty of Nanjing
● The treaty gave Britain the island of Hong Kong
● Extraterritorial rights
● Taiping Rebellion
○ Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
○ Xiuquan
○ Organized a peasant army
○ Internal and outside assaults brought down the Taiping government
● Dowager Empress Cixi supported certain reforms
○ Self-strengthening movements
● Sphere of influence
○ Area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment
● Open Door Policy
○ China be open to merchants of all nations
● Guangxu
○ Modernization of China
○ Was placed under arrest by the Empress
● Boxer Rebellion
○ Campaign against the empress’ rule and foreigner privilege
○ Was supported by the empress but did not back her words with military aid
○ A multinational force defeated the Boxers
○ Strong sense of nationalism
● The Empress sent a select group of officials on a world tour to study the operation of
different governments.
● Based their government on the constitutional monarchy of Japan
Modernization in Japan
● Japan in isolation
● US Commodore Matthew Perry brought 4 ships to Tokyo Harbor
, ● This astounded the Japanese and the Tokugawa shogun realized he had no choice but to
receive Perry
○ Treaty of Kanagawa
● Other westerners followed with sphere of influences.
● Mutsuhiko
○ Meiji Era or enlightened rule
● Modernization
● Germany’s strong centralized government
● Modernized their army
● American system of universal public education
● Industrialization
● Railroad
● Coal production
● Strongest military power in Asia
● Eliminate extraterritorial rights of foreigners
● Korea
○ Chino-Japanese War
○ Trading spot in Korea
○ Hands-off agreement but China broke it
○ Japan gained a foothold in Manchuria
● Russia
○ Japan would recognize Russia’s rights to Manchuria if Russians stay out of Korea.
○ Japan launched a surprise attack to Russia
○ Treaty of Portsmouth gave Japan the captured territories
○ Russia withdrew from Manchuria and Korea
● Made Korea a protectorate
● Grabbed more and more power
● Korean annexation
● Harsh ruling
US Economic Imperialism
● Latin Americans working for large landowners
● Wages were low and prices were high, workers went into debt
● Peonage
○ “Free” workers were little better than slaves
● Unequal distribution of land
● Caudillos or military dictators in Latin America
○ Juan Vicente Gomez in Venezuela
○ Domingo Sarmiento in Argentina
○ Little to no opposition
● Depending on exports
● Advancements in technology
○ Refrigeration
, ● Unindustrialized
● Unable to pay back their debts
● Monroe Doctrine
○ Nations are not to be considered as subjects for future colonizations
● Cuba
○ Jose Marti continued to fight for independence
○ US joined the Cuban war for independence
○ Spanish-American War
○ US attacked at the Ph
■ Unable to fight in 2 fronts
○ US intervention in Cuba
○ Spain lost its remaining territories: Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
● US helped the Panamians broke from Colombia
● As gratitude, they gave a 10-mile wide zone in which to build their canal
○ Panama Canal
● Roosevelt Corollary
○ International police power
Turmoil and Change in Mexico
● Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
○ Fight for independence in Mexico
● Mexico encouraged American citizens to move to Texas
● Pledged to follow the laws
● Tensions between the Anglos and Mexico
● Texas colonists wanted self-government
● Stephen Austin, a leading Anglo, encouraged a revolt
● Santa Anna was defeated and ousted from power
● He came back and fought against US again
● US annexed Texas and Mexians considered this an act of aggression
● Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
○ US received third of Mexico
